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Research Article | Open Access

Oxygen-doped Carbon Nitride Nanocages with Efficient Photon-to-Electron Conversion for Selective Oxidation of Xylose/Xylan to Yield Xylonic Acid

Junqiang Zhang†, Zhuoyan Xie†, Zulfiqar Ali, Ning Li, Qimeng Liu, Wenyue Fan, Jiliang Ma( ), Runcang Sun( )
Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116034, China

†These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Abstract

Highly efficient photon-to-electron conversion is crucial for achieving photocatalytic conversion. In this study, oxygen-doped carbon nitride nanocages (O@CNNCs) were engineered via dual strategies of morphology-controlled heteroatom doping, which was successfully used in the photocatalytic selective oxidation of xylose/xylan to xylonic acid. The nanocage-shaped O@CNNCs had a larger surface area, which was 4.02 times of carbon nitride (CN). Furthermore, with the assistance of morphology regulation and O-doping, O@CNNCs exhibit highly efficient photon-to-electron conversion, enhanced visible-light utilization, high photocurrent, low resistance, and fast separation/migration of electron-hole pairs. Correspondingly, the photocatalytic oxidation of xylose to xylonic acid using O@CNNCs was successfully achieved under mild reaction conditions with a yield of 83.4%. O@CNNCs have excellent recyclability, in which the yield of xylonic acid in the 5th cycle was 98.2% of its initial use. The O@CNNC photocatalytic system was also suitable for macromolecular xylan, and a xylonic acid yield of 77.34 mg was obtained when 100 mg xylan was used. The oxidation-active species captured experiments indicated that holes were crucial for the selective oxidation of xylose to xylonic acid. Overall, this study provides a new strategy for the preparation of photocatalysts with excellent photon-to-electron conversion and selective oxidation of biomass-derived feedstocks to xylonic acid.

Keywords

selective oxidationoxygen dopingphoton-to-electron conversionmorphology regulationxylonic acid

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Paper and Biomaterials
Volume 8 Issue 2,
April 2023
Pages 53-65
DOI: 10.26599/PBM.2023.9260009
Cite this article:
Zhang J, Xie Z, Ali Z, et al. Oxygen-doped Carbon Nitride Nanocages with Efficient Photon-to-Electron Conversion for Selective Oxidation of Xylose/Xylan to Yield Xylonic Acid. Paper and Biomaterials, 2023, 8(2): 53-65. https://doi.org/10.26599/PBM.2023.9260009

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Received: 15 February 2023
Accepted: 09 March 2023
Published: 25 April 2023
© 2023 Paper and Biomaterials Editorial Board

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
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