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Open Access

An Anti-Recompression Video Watermarking Algorithm in Bitstream Domain

Jing Sun( ), Xiaoping Jiang, Jin Liu, Fan Zhang, Congying Li
Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Shenzhen Beidou Applied Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518055, China.
College of Electrical and Information Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Abstract

Following the popularity of digital video application, video copying and dissemination have become very easy; however, this makes video hacking and piracy a potential threat in video communication. Video watermarking technology can solve the problem of copyright protection, and thus, it has been extensively researched. The robustness of the video watermarking algorithm in the bitstream domain is poor, especially the anti-recompression ability, since the watermarked video may be compressed again before transmitting. Considering this, this paper proposes a video watermarking algorithm in the bitstream domain based on moving object detection. To increase the robustness of the watermarking scheme, the moving macroblocks that belong to the moving object in each P frame can be identified via the moving object detection algorithm. Then, watermark embedding in the moving macroblocks is performed using codeword substitution to ensure the consistency of the bitstream. Moving object detection and watermark embedding are independent and are both carried out in the bitstream domain by partially decoding the bitstream; this avoids the complete decoding and reconstruction of the video, making the method to be highly efficient. The simulation results confirm that the proposed method is robust against recompression and has little impact on the video visual quality and no influence on the bit rate.

Keywords

video watermarkingrecompressionmoving object detection

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Tsinghua Science and Technology
Volume 26 Issue 2,
April 2021
Pages 154-162
DOI: 10.26599/TST.2019.9010050
Cite this article:
Sun J, Jiang X, Liu J, et al. An Anti-Recompression Video Watermarking Algorithm in Bitstream Domain. Tsinghua Science and Technology, 2021, 26(2): 154-162. https://doi.org/10.26599/TST.2019.9010050

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Received: 03 July 2019
Revised: 06 September 2019
Accepted: 09 September 2019
Published: 24 July 2020
© The author(s) 2021.

The articles published in this open access journal are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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