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Open Access

Collaborative City Digital Twin for the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Federated Learning Solution

College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
Business School, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
College of Computing and Software Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Atlanta, GA 30060, USA
College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
Show Author Information

Abstract

The novel coronavirus, COVID-19, has caused a crisis that affects all segments of the population. As the knowledge and understanding of COVID-19 evolve, an appropriate response plan for this pandemic is considered one of the most effective methods for controlling the spread of the virus. Recent studies indicate that a city Digital Twin (DT) is beneficial for tackling this health crisis, because it can construct a virtual replica to simulate factors, such as climate conditions, response policies, and people’s trajectories, to help plan efficient and inclusive decisions. However, a city DTsystem relies on long-term and high-quality data collection to make appropriate decisions, limiting its advantages when facing urgent crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Federated Learning (FL), in which all clients can learn a shared model while retaining all training data locally, emerges as a promising solution for accumulating the insights from multiple data sources efficiently. Furthermore, the enhanced privacy protection settings removing the privacy barriers lie in this collaboration. In this work, we propose a framework that fused city DT with FL to achieve a novel collaborative paradigm that allows multiple city DTs to share the local strategy and status quickly. In particular, an FL central server manages the local updates of multiple collaborators (city DTs), providing a global model that is trained in multiple iterations at different city DT systems until the model gains the correlations between various response plans and infection trends. This approach means a collaborative city DT paradigm fused with FL techniques can obtain knowledge and patterns from multiple DTs and eventually establish a "global view" of city crisis management. Meanwhile, it also helps improve each city’s DT by consolidating other DT’s data without violating privacy rules. In this paper, we use the COVID-19 pandemic as the use case of the proposed framework. The experimental results on a real dataset with various response plans validate our proposed solution and demonstrate its superior performance.

Keywords

COVID-19Digital Twin (DT)Federated Learning (FL)deep learning

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Tsinghua Science and Technology
Volume 26 Issue 5,
October 2021
Pages 759-771
DOI: 10.26599/TST.2021.9010026
Cite this article:
Pang J, Huang Y, Xie Z, et al. Collaborative City Digital Twin for the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Federated Learning Solution. Tsinghua Science and Technology, 2021, 26(5): 759-771. https://doi.org/10.26599/TST.2021.9010026

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Received: 26 February 2021
Accepted: 18 March 2021
Published: 20 April 2021
© The author(s) 2021

© The author(s) 2021. The articles published in this open access journal are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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