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Research Article | Open Access

Down-Regulation of fliL Gene Expression by Ag Nanoparticles and TiO2 Nanoparticles in Pragmatic Clinical Isolates of Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris from Urinary Tract Infection

Tahreer Hadi Saleh1( ), Saba Talib Hashim1, Salma Nassrullah Malik2, Bahaa Abdullah Laftaah AL-Rubaii3
Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Department of Radiotherapy, Institute of Medical Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
Department of Biology, College of Science, the University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Show Author Information

Abstract

Ten isolates belonging to Proteus spp. were collected and obtained from Department of Biology, College of Science, the University of Baghdad. The diagnosis was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique using 16S rRNA gene and urease C gene. All isolates (100%) were sensitive to meropenem, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, amoxicillin, clavulanic acid and levofloxacin. These isolates also showed 60% sensitivity to cefixime and nitrofurantoin. However, both species of P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris showed the lowest sensitivity when treated with tetracycline (60%) and amikacin (20%). Cephalothin had a variable effect on the species under study as P. mirabilis isolates were 100% sensitive in comparison with the 80% sensitivity of P. vulgaris isolates. The antibacterial activities of Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of Ag NPs against both species isolates was 10 mg/mL, while the MIC value of TiO2 NPs was 14 mg/mL against P. mirabilis and 15 mg/mL against P. vulgaris isolates. P. mirabilis isolates showed larger swarming diameter than P. vulgaris, but this motility phenomenon of P. vulgaris was arrested rapidly after incubation with sub-MIC of TiO2 NPs and Ag NPs comparatively with control. All isolates showed shifting to down-regulation in the fliL gene expression under the effect of the NPs using TiO2 NPs and Ag NPs. In conclusion, down-regulation of the fliL gene expression is directly linked to the inhibition of swarming movement of Proteus species. We encourage using these inhibitors (after tests to ensure minimal toxicity to human) in combination with antibiotics to ensure bactericidal /bacteriostatic effect to treat Proteus infections.

Keywords

P. mirabilis P. vulgarisSwarming phenomenonfliL gene expressionTiO2 NPsAg NPs

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Nano Biomedicine and Engineering
Volume 11 Issue 4,
December 2019
Pages 321-332
DOI: 10.5101/nbe.v11i4.p321-332
Cite this article:
Saleh TH, Hashim ST, Malik SN, et al. Down-Regulation of fliL Gene Expression by Ag Nanoparticles and TiO2 Nanoparticles in Pragmatic Clinical Isolates of Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris from Urinary Tract Infection. Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, 2019, 11(4): 321-332. https://doi.org/10.5101/nbe.v11i4.p321-332

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Received: 18 August 2019
Accepted: 14 October 2019
Published: 16 October 2019
© Tahreer Hadi Saleh, Saba Talib Hashim, Salma Nassrullah Malik, and Bahaa Abdullah Laftaah AL-Rubaii.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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