AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
PDF (11.6 MB)
Collect
Submit Manuscript AI Chat Paper
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Open Access | Online First

Monitoring Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing process of Inconel 718 thin-walled structure using wavelet decomposition and clustering analysis of welding signal

Giulio MATTERAa( )Joseph POLDENbLuigi NELEa
Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico Ⅱ, Italy
School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia

Peer review under responsibility of Editorial Committee of JAMST

Show Author Information

Abstract

Monitoring is a crucial aspect of modern production systems, especially in additive manufacturing, where instabilities and defects can lead to significant economic losses due to defective components. Consequently, artificial intelligence is increasingly used to monitor processes, enabling machines with self-analysis capabilities to generate stops or provide automatic feedback to operators. In the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process, frequency analysis of voltage signals offers an additional method to study signal characteristics, enabling the extraction of features that describe the process state. This study conducted deposition tests of Inconel 718 using the Pulsed Gas Metal Arc Welding process with pre-optimized parameters. Features were extracted by analysing the time-frequency behaviour of welding voltage signals using wavelet decomposition. Subsequently, a Gaussian Mixture Model was employed to identify clusters that define the process state. By utilizing the centroids of these clusters, the process was monitored online by assigning new samples arriving online from the real deposition process to the nearest centroid. This enabled alerts to be generated for an operator or an autonomous decision-making module regarding current state of the WAAM system.

References

1

Dilberoglu UM, Gharehpapagh B, Yaman U, et al. The role of additive manufacturing in the Era of Industry 4.0. Procedia Manuf. 2017; 11:545-554.

2

Norrish J, Polden J, Richardson I. A review of wire arc additive manufacturing: development, principles, process physics, implementation and current status. J Phys D Appl Phys. 2021;54(47):473001.

3

Wu B, Pan Z, Ding D, et al. A review of the wire arc additive manufacturing of metals: properties, defects and quality improvement. J Manuf Process. 2018;35:127-139.

4

Xia C, Pan Z, Polden J, et al. A review on wire arc additive manufacturing: Monitoring, control and a framework of automated system. J Manuf Syst. 2020;57:31-45.

5

Mattera G, Nele L, Paolella D. Monitoring and control the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing process using artificial intelligence techniques: a review. J Intell Manuf. 2023. doi: 10.1007/s10845-023-02085-5.

6

Mattera G, Polden J, Caggiano A, et al. Anomaly detection of wire arc additively manufactured parts via surface tension transfer through unsupervised machine learning techniques. 17th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in Manufacturing Engineering. 2023.

7

Mu H, He F, Yuan L, et al. Toward a smart wire arc additive manufacturing system: A review on current developments and a framework of digital twin. J Manuf Syst. 2023;67:174-189.

8

Mu H, He F, Yuan L, et al. Online distortion simulation using generative machine learning models: A step toward digital twin of metallic additive manufacturing. J Ind Inf Integr. 2024;38:100563.

9

Xia C, Pan Z, Polden J, et al. Modelling and prediction of surface roughness in wire arc additive manufacturing using machine learning. J Intell Manuf. 2022;33(5):1467-1482.

10

Mu H, Polden J, Li Y, et al. Layer-by-layer model-based adaptive control for wire arc additive manufacturing of thin-wall structures. J Intell Manuf. 2022;33(4):1165-1180.

11

Xia C, Pan Z, Polden J, et al. Model predictive control of layer width in wire arc additive manufacturing. J Manuf Process. 2020;58:179-186.

12

Mattera G, Caggiano A, Nele L. Optimal data-driven control of manufacturing processes using reinforcement learning: an application to Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing. J Intell Manuf. 2024.

13

Mattera G, Caggiano A, Nele L. Reinforcement learning as data-driven optimization technique for GMAW process. Welding in the World. 2023;68:805-817.

14

Lee DY, Leifsson L, Kim JY, et al. Optimisation of hybrid tandem metal active gas welding using Gaussian process regression. Sci Technol Weld Join. 2020;25(3):208-217.

15

Katherasan D, Elias JV, Sathiya P, et al. Simulation and parameter optimization of flux cored arc welding using artificial neural network and particle swarm optimization algorithm. J Intell Manuf. 2014 ;25(1):67-76.

16

Deswal S, Narang R, Chhabra D. Modeling and parametric optimization of FDM 3D printing process using hybrid techniques for enhancing dimensional preciseness. Int J Interact Des Manuf (IJIDeM). 2019; 13(3):1197-1214.

17

Li Y, Pan Z, Han T, et al. A defect detection system for wire arc additive manufacturing using incremental learning. J Ind Inf Integr. 2022; 27:100291.

18

Xia C, Pan Z, Li Y, et al. Vision-based melt pool monitoring for wire-arc additive manufacturing using deep learning method. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2022;120(1-2):551-562.

19

Caggiano A, Mattera G, Nele L. Smart tool wear monitoring of CFRP/CFRP stack drilling using Autoencoders and Memory-Based Neural Networks. Appl Sci (Basel). 2023;13(5):3307.

20

Caggiano A, Napolitano F, Teti R, et al. Advanced die sinking EDM process monitoring based on anomaly detection for online identification of improper process conditions. Procedia CIRP. 2020;88:381-386.

21
Zhang T, Xu C, Cheng J, et al. Research of surface oxidation defects in copper alloy wire arc additive manufacturing based on time-frequency analysis and deep learning method. J Mater Res Technol. 2023 Jul;25:511-521.
22

Alcaraz JYI, Foqué W, Sharma A, et al. Indirect porosity detection and root-cause identification in WAAM. J Intell Manuf. 2023; 35: 1607-1628.

23

Song H, Li C, Fu Y, et al. A two-stage unsupervised approach for surface anomaly detection in wire and arc additive manufacturing. Comput Ind. 2023;151:103994.

24

Mishra A, Dasgupta A. Supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms for forecasting the fracture location in dissimilar friction-stir-welded joints. forecasting. 2022;4(4):787-797.

25

Wang J, Sanchez J, Ayesta I, et al. Unsupervised machine learning for advanced tolerance monitoring of wire electrical discharge machining of disc turbine fir-tree slots. Sensors (Basel). 2018;18(10):3359.

26
Reisch R, Hauser T, Lutz B, et al. Distance-based multivariate anomaly detection in wire arc additive manufacturing. 2020 19th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA). 2020.p.659-664.
27

Rahman MA, Jamal S, Cruz MV, et al. In situ process monitoring of multi-layer deposition in wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process with acoustic data analysis and machine learning. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2024;132:5087-5101.

28

Surovi NA, Soh GS. Acoustic feature based geometric defect identification in wire arc additive manufacturing. Virtual Phys Prototyp. 2023; 18(1):e2210553.

29
Gourishetti S, Feng P, Zhou W, et al. D7.2 - arc welding process monitoring using neural networks and audio signal analysis. In: Lectures D7-Al Approches in Measurement. 2023.p.249-250.
30

Rohe M, Stoll BN, Hildebrand J, et al. Detecting process anomalies in the GMAW process by acoustic sensing with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for classification. J Manuf Mater Process. 2021;5(4):135.

31

Čudina M, Prezelj J. Evaluation of the sound signal based on the welding current in the gas—metal arc welding process. Proc Inst Mech Eng C J Mech Eng Sci. 2003;217(5):483-494.

32

Mattera G, Polden J, Nele L. A time-frequency domain features extraction approach enhanced by computer vision for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing monitoring using Fourier and Wavelet transform. J Adv Manuf Syst. 2024.

33

Lin J, Qu L. Feature extraction based on Morlet wavelet and its application for mechanical fault diagnosis. J Sound Vib. 2000; 234(1): 135-148.

34

Lee G, Gommers R, Waselewski F, et al. PyWavelets: A Python package for wavelet analysis. J Open Source Softw. 2019;4(36):1237.

35

Ismail MF, Jaafar TR, Che Pin N, et al. Sobel operator for edges detection in surface texture analysis. J Teknol. 2015;76(10).71-74.

36

Deeva I, Bubnova A, Kalyuzhnaya AV. Advanced approach for distributions parameters learning in Bayesian Networks with Gaussian Mixture Models and Discriminative Models. Mathematics. 2023;11(2):343.

37

Xie Y, Wu D, Qiang Z. An improved mixture model of Gaussian Processes and its classification expectation – Maximization Algorithm. Mathematics. 2023;11(10):2251.

Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Science and Technology
Article number: 2025006
Cite this article:
MATTERA G, POLDEN J, NELE L. Monitoring Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing process of Inconel 718 thin-walled structure using wavelet decomposition and clustering analysis of welding signal. Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Science and Technology, 2024, https://doi.org/10.51393/j.jamst.2025006

262

Views

14

Downloads

6

Crossref

0

Scopus

Altmetrics

Received: 01 June 2024
Revised: 17 June 2024
Accepted: 24 July 2024
Published: 25 July 2024
© 2025 JAMST

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Return