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Mini Review | Open Access

Antioxidant activity of the thioredoxin system

Department of blood transfusion school of second hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Abstract

The thioredoxin system is composed of thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TR) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Trx is an important antioxidant molecule that can resist cell death caused by various stresses and plays a prominent role in redox reactions. TR is a protein that contains selenium (selenocysteine), in three main forms, namely, TR1, TR2 and TR3. TR1, TR2 and TR3 are mainly distributed in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and testes, respectively. TR can regulate cell growth and apoptosis. After a cell becomes cancerous, the expression of TR is increased to promote cell growth and metastasis. The Trx system is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases, parasitic infections, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, myocarditis, and so on. In addition, the Trx system can remove the reactive oxygen species in the body and keep the inside and outside of the cell in a balanced state. In summary, the Trx system is an important target for the drug treatment of many diseases.

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Biophysics Reports
Pages 26-32
Cite this article:
Liu Z. Antioxidant activity of the thioredoxin system. Biophysics Reports, 2023, 9(1): 26-32. https://doi.org/10.52601/bpr.2023.230002

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Received: 12 January 2023
Accepted: 10 February 2023
Published: 28 February 2023
© The Author(s) 2023

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