Laser weapons have significant advantages such as low operation cost, fast transfer of firepower, and controllable killing, and are considered to be the most technically feasible directed energy weapons in anti-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) swarm operations. With the research of laser weapons gradually entering the stage of operational application from experimental verification, it is needed to have a clear understanding of the research on key technologies of using laser weapons for anti-UAV swarm operations. By summarizing the damage mechanism and development status of laser weapons, the key issues of application of laser weapons in anti-UAV swarm operations are analyzed, and the current research progress of laser weapon-UAV swarm target assignment technology and damage efficiency assessment technology is summarized. Finally, the research direction of key technologies for the application of laser weapon in anti-UAV swarm operations is discussed to provide reference for the application of laser weapons as soon as possible.