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Additive manufacturing technology has the capability of breaking through traditional manufacturing constraints, thus enabling the integrated design and manufacturing of complex geometric structures. Simultaneously, this technology contributes to enhancing the reliability of product components with extensive potential applications in the aerospace industry. To address the common issues related to the process and performance, this study, focusing on the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technique within additive manufacturing for aircraft engines, initially revisits the regulation of material structure and properties through a perspective of technical optimization, including large-area multi-beam technology and field-assisted techniques. Subsequently, by delving into cutting-edge techniques such as quality online monitoring and intelligent machine learning control, the optimization role of monitoring and predicting in the early and middle stages of the forming process is discussed. Then, aiming at providing better guidance for material selection and performance control, the key aerospace engine materials for SLM formation is systematically summarized. Lastly, a review of current SLM technology solutions and types of aerospace engine materials is concluded, along with an outlook on future development prospects so as to provide valuable insights for the field of aerospace engine manufacturing.