We attach great importance to academic ethics in publishing activities. The publication process is an integral part of the academic community, which is why every article is subject to peer review by several experts in the field. To achieve this goal, authors, peer reviewers, editors, and relevant literature databases must all play their roles with high standards and a cautious attitude.

The editorial department is obliged to take measures to prevent errors, academic misconduct, as well as intentional and unintentional unethical behavior. When errors occur, the editorial department collaborates with authors to issue errata to clarify the issues. In cases where the error is significant and critical, the paper may be retracted.

To maintain academic integrity, We use the academic misconduct detection system within the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) Scientific Research Integrity Management System, as well as the Wanfang Detection System on the Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, to conduct similarity checks on all submitted articles in order to identify potential plagiarism or inappropriate use.In the event of a high similarity rate detected during the checking process, the editorial department will conduct an investigation and take appropriate actions based on the findings, including but not limited to requesting explanations from authors, revising manuscripts, rejecting publication, or retracting published articles.

Our journal operates on an open access model, allowing users to read, download, copy, and print the full text of journal articles on our website without the need to obtain permission from the editorial department or authors in advance.

Editors, reviewers, editorial board members, or the editor-in-chief are responsible for assessing the relevance, innovation, scientific value, and impact of submitted manuscripts, without discrimination based on race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, political belief, or institution. The editor-in-chief has full authority and sole responsibility for the content published and the process.

Editors are responsible for protecting the personal privacy of authors and must not disclose any author-provided explanations to reviewers (whether they accept or not).

Editors and publishing staff must not use the content of submitted manuscripts for their own research purposes, directly or indirectly, without the prior written consent of the author.

For the final decision on whether to accept or reject a paper, we rely on double-blind peer review. Peer review is the process by which experts in the field read, understand, and provide objective commentary on submitted papers. Through peer review, scholars contribute to the academic and scientific communities by helping editors make decisions about manuscript acceptance or rejection.

Reviewers must keep all information during the review process confidential and not disclose it to others.

Reviewers should evaluate manuscripts based on their quality and scientific value, providing supporting evidence or arguments, and avoiding any personal biases.

Reviewers should read, understand, and provide constructive feedback thoroughly with the aim of improving the manuscript. Reviewers should focus on identifying and reporting technical issues, violations, errors, missing citations, and similarities with other published works.

Reviewers should complete their reviews within the agreed timeframe and notify the editorial department promptly if they are unable to meet the deadline.

Invited reviewers should immediately inform the editor of any potential conflict of interest based on competitive, collaborative, or other relationships with the authors or individuals involved.

Only individuals who have made substantial contributions to the manuscript can be listed as authors. These contributions include ideas/concepts, design, experimentation, evaluation, analysis, drafting, or revising the manuscript, etc. All authors must agree to be named and sign the copyright agreement form. Individuals whose contribution is not significant may be acknowledged in the acknowledgments section of the article.

Authors should describe their work and the results of their work accurately and comprehensively. The accuracy and level of detail provided should enable readers to replicate the work. Inaccurate, incomplete, fraudulent, and misleading statements are considered unacceptable and unethical. The use of others' work, either directly or indirectly, is not permitted unless it is properly cited. It is strictly forbidden to present others' work as one's own, and such behavior is deemed plagiarism; if discovered, the author's articles will never be accepted again, and the academic community will be notified.

Authors should ensure the authenticity of research data and provide it to editors or reviewers when necessary. Authors are encouraged to share their data, software, or other shareable materials online and provide legal copyright and ownership information regarding the project's license.

Submitting the same manuscript to multiple journals simultaneously is not allowed. If the manuscript has been submitted to a conference first, it is necessary to determine whether the conference will publish all conference papers online or in a proceedings volume; if so, our journal will not accept such conference papers. It is prohibited to present previously published work as new, unless significant new interpretations or analyses are provided.

If authors discover significant errors in their published papers, they must notify the editorial department immediately. Regardless of whether other authors or readers have identified the significant error, the authors have an obligation to take necessary measures to correct the issue. Issues of unethical/plagiarism typically result in retraction, while unintended mistakes will mostly lead to the publication of an erratum.