Word limits are provided for guidance only. The Editors will consider submissions that exceed the recommended limit, subject to feedback received during peer review.

Article 

A manuscript reports the results of an original full-length study. An article has a comprehensive narrative that includes introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, and references.

Abstract: Limited to 250 words without key words.

Word limit: Limited to 6,500 words excluding abstract, references, tables, figures, and their legends.

Tables and figures: The total number of tables and figures for the main text is limited to 8.

References guideline: Limited to 60 references. Please use the most important and relevant references where possible.

Supplemental information: Supplemental information for less important materials, methods, data (tables and figures) is allowed.

Review

A review should comprehensively and systematically analyze and discuss the existing literature related to a specific topic. Expert synthesis, assessment, future direction, and challenges are expected. Generally, a review article should have an introduction to provide the rationale for the review, followed by sections with appropriate subheadings, and a perspective section at the end. The standard headings (acknowledgements, contributions, competing interests, funding) are also required. All invited reviews will undergo peer review prior to acceptance. Before conceiving and writing a review, it is encouraged to consult the Editor-in-Chief first.

Abstract: Limited to 250 words.

Word limit: Limited to 6,000 words, excluding abstract, references, figures and tables.

References guideline: Limited to 100 references.

Supplemental information: Optional.

Editorial

An authoritative, timely opinion on an issue or a paper; it is usually written or invited by the Editor-in-Chief.  

Abstract: Not relevant.

Word limit: Limited to 1,000 words excluding references.

References guideline: Limited to 10 references.

Supplemental information: Optional.

Perspective

A perspective article expresses an opinion or a new perspective about existing research on a particular topic. Perspectives propose and support a new hypothesis, discuss the implications of a newly implemented innovation, or present unique viewpoints on existing problems, fundamental concepts, or prevalent notions on a specific topic. A perspective article may focus on current advances and future directions on a topic and may include original data.

Abstract: Not relevant.

Word limit: Limited to 3,000 words excluding abstract, references and figure legends.

References guideline: Limited to 40 references.

Supplemental information: Optional.

Short Communication

Short Communication is short, peer-reviewed articles focusing on a high-quality, hypothesis-driven, self-contained piece of original research or a proposal of a new theory or concept based on existing research. 

Abstract: Not related.

Word Limit: The total length of the article (including the main text and figure legends, excluding the title page, abstract, materials and methods section, or reference list) should not exceed 3,000 words, with a 200-word abstract. 

References guideline: Limited to a maximum of 40 references.

Supplemental information: Optional.

Letter

Letter is short articles that present significant discoveries, methods, and resources.

Abstract: Limited to 100 words

Word Limit: Limited to 750 words.

References guideline: Limited to 10 references.

Supplemental information: Optional.

Case Study

Case study follows a specific format. They define a specific problem or challenge, why your organization confronted that problem, and how you addressed it. 

Abstract: Not related.

Word Limit: Limited to 2,000  words.

References guideline: Not related.

Supplemental information: Optional.

1. Content

The articles that are published should have the following components in the order stated.

● Title page

● Abstract

● Keywords

● Introduction

● Materials and methods

● Results

● Discussion 

● Conclusions

● Author Contributions

● Acknowledgments

● Conflict of interest

● Data availability

● References

Click to Download a Manuscript Template for Initial Submission (please DO NOT use for revised manuscripts)

2. Cover letter

Should include the following:

● The title of the manuscript and whether it is an original submission or a re-submission

● A highlight that contains 3 to 5 short sentences to state the core findings of the research described in the paper

● All authors agree with the submission

● The work has not been published or submitted for publication elsewhere, including in another form or language

● Please declare all figures, tables and data that are reproduced from other publications; the authors have to obtain authorization from the copyright holders (usually the publisher) for their use, and should include this authorization form with their submission

● Please state if the word counts conform to the required word limits

● Statement of Conflict of Interests

3. Organization of Manuscripts

3.1 Initial Submission

The submission should contain the following:

(1) Cover letter;

(2) Manuscript;

(3) Supplementary materials (if applicable).

For initial submissions (i.e. NOT revised manuscripts), we strongly suggest you insert all figures and tables into an appropriate position (the same or next page of the first citation) in the main text (Microsoft Word) to facilitate the review process. The figure legends, and table captions should be inserted immediately above or below the figures and tables, respectively. Supplementary materials should be appended to the end of the References, with the supplemental tables and figures being embedded or stand alone. Finally, the manuscript should include continuous line numbers and page numbers to facilitate commenting. Manuscripts following the outlined format will expedite the review process.

If your supplemental materials contain data sets (e.g. Microsoft Excel files) that are difficult to provide in an all-inclusive single file, the following options are available:

(1) submit a single a master file in the format as mentioned above, plus one or several data files (in Microsoft Excel) that could not be incorporated into the master file;

(2) submit all files separately.

In both cases, the file submission system will generate a single PDF file with the data (in Microsoft Excel) to be hyperlinked. Eventually, the manuscript should be in a single PDF that contains all figures, tables, supplementary materials, and hyperlinked data for review.

3.2 Submission of Revisions

For revised manuscripts, we suggest you submit the manuscript text, tables and figures, and supplementary files separately. Your submission should include:

● A rebuttal letter

● Marked-up version of the manuscript (Microsoft Word) with no figures

● Clean (non-highlighted) version of the manuscript

● Figures with a resolution of 300 dpi or above are expected

● Supplementary files (Microsoft Word or Excel) are expected

Regardless of whether this is an initial submission or resubmission, more detailed and general information for preparing a manuscript is given in the next section titled "Detailed Requirements".a

3.3 Detailed Requirements

Before submitting your manuscript, please check your submission for the following:

(1) The addition of all authors into the submission system

The full names of all authors should be entered into the submission system in the same order as shown in the manuscript. Contact information including institution, address and official e-mail addresses must be provided. Please use organizational email accounts as the official author email addresses where possible, such as abc@mtu.edu.

(2) Title Page

A title page should include a succinct title (less than 250 characters), a very concise running title (which should be less than 50 characters, for example, Plant Immune Mechanisms), the full names of all authors including their given names, the affiliations and location (including city, state, country and zip/post code), the full name, and official email address(es) of the corresponding author(s).

(3) Abstract

A brief abstract up to 250 words should state the background and purpose of the research, methods (or rationale), main results and findings, and brief conclusions of the study. The abstract should not contain abbreviations or references and should not be structured.

(4) Introduction

The Introduction should provide a background on the research topic, and a focused literature review that includes known and controversial findings, challenging issues, and the hypothesis of the research. Finally, briefly summarize the materials and methods as well as the research rationale. Note that the Introduction should not contain results or conclusions.

(5) Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods should be described in sufficient detail to allow the research work to be reliably reproduced in another laboratory, and to leave the readers in no doubt as to how the results were derived. Please also remember to include a section on "Statistical Analysis" where the statistical methods, with enough details including threshold cut-off, are provided to enable an appraisal of the work and an analysis of the data to reproduce the results. When the total word number exceeds the limit, it is suggested to check for redundancy in the Introduction, Results, and Discussion for removal rather than to briefly describe the methods without providing sufficient details. In a circumstance where it is difficult to compress other sections, some detailed methods, especially those that are routinely used in most laboratories, can be placed into the Electronic Supplementary Information section.

(6) Results

Results should be presented in a logical sequence in the text, tables and figures, usually matching the order as described in the Materials and Methods. Repeated presentation of the same data in different forms should be avoided. The Results should not include a lengthy discussion.

(7) Discussion

The results should not be restated in the Discussion, but can be recapitulated to support or rebut existing hypotheses, conceived assumptions, or true facts stated in the Introduction or literature. The Discussion should compare and relate new or major findings in the Results to the existing body of knowledge in the field, in terms of improvement or further advance of current knowledge and technologies (Methods paper), and overall significance and contribution to the field as well as the future research focuses that stemmed from this study.

(8) Conclusions

A short conclusion of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, or at the end of the Discussion section.

(9) Electronic Supplementary Information

a. All lesser significant figures, tables, and procedures that support the main body of key results and conclusions in the text should be included as Electronic Supplementary Information and uploaded as a separate file (PDF) at the time of manuscript submission.

b. The availability of Electronic Supplementary Information should be mentioned in a separate paragraph in the manuscript, placed immediately before the References, as: "Electronic Supplementary Information".

(10) Author Contributions

Emergency Management Science and Technology requires the independent contributions of each author be provided during online submission and every author must assume public accountability for the content of the submitted work under review. If there are individuals whose contributions do not meet the criteria for authorship, make sure to include appropriate acknowledgments within the manuscript.

The roles and contributions of each author must be described in the subsequent manner: The authors confirm contribution to the paper as follows: study conception and design: X. Author (last name and initials), Y. Author (last name and initials); data collection: Y. Author (last name and initials); analysis and interpretation of results: X. Author (last name and initials), Y. Author (last name and initials). Z. Author (last name and initials); draft manuscript preparation: Y. Author (last name and initials). Z. Author (last name and initials). All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript. An author name can appear multiple times, and each author name must appear at least once.

For single authors, please use the following wording: The author confirms sole responsibility for the following: study conception and design, data collection, analysis and interpretation of results, and manuscript preparation.

(11) Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments should include the funding agency and grant number which provided other resources. Individuals who have contributed to make the research possible, but not sufficiently quantified to be authors should also be included in this section.

(12) Conflict of Interest

A statement must be included for all contributing authors who are involved in various kinds of conflicts. Examples of potential conflicts of interest include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other resources which may potentially influence the decision derived from this research. If no conflict of interest is declared, the following statement should be declared in the manuscript: "The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest".

(13) Citations in Text

Examples:

1. Finally, forests play a leading role in the global cycling of energy, carbon, water and nutrients ^[4-7].

2. For the past millennia, the livelihood of humans has largely depended on forest resources, but these resources are not inexhaustible ^[2,3].

(14) References

Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list. Authors should ensure the accuracy of references, and are encouraged to use EndNote or other reference management tools when writing the manuscript. Only one citation should appear within each reference number. If more than one reference is cited in one place, please separate the numbers by commas with a space.

If Endnote is used when writing your manuscript, please use the Endnote style file (Click here to download), you may download it from the Endnote website and then open the downloaded file by double-clicking and saving it with the given name or a new given name. This should result in the Endnote's output style list appearing in your Microsoft Word file. 

List numbered references in the Literature Cited with numerals and periods, without parentheses.

Include the following information (in the following order):

● Name(s) of author(s), last name first, followed by initials without periods. Include both (or all)

● Initials for each author whenever they were included in the original article or book. Do not leave spaces between initials. Do not use a comma between surnames and initials—use commas only to separate different authors’ names. If a given reference has six or more authors, list the first five, then type "et al." in the bibliography. If a reference has five or fewer authors, list them all

● Year of publication of the article or book, followed by a period, with no parentheses. If the article has recently been accepted for publication and is in press, list it in the Literature Cited section. Provide the journal title and expected year of publication, plus volume and pages where known

● Title of article or chapter (see above for the policy of individual Annual Reviews journals regarding whether to include titles of articles or chapters)

● Title of journal (full spelling) or book (not abbreviated unless part of a periodical series)

● For a book reference, name(s) of editor(s)

● Volume number, then a colon and inclusive page numbers; if there is no volume number, inclusive page numbers preceded by a comma and pp. Do not repeat hundred digits unless required, e.g., 3–10, 71–77, 100–9, 331–35, 1002–3, 1198–202, 1536–38. The issue number can be included in parentheses immediately following the volume if necessary, e.g., 10(4):123–30

● For a book reference, place of publication, name of publisher, and edition, should be included if necessary

Examples:

Journals:

Author. Year. Title. Journal Volume|:Pages

1. West GB, Brown JH, Enquist BJ. 2001. A general model for ontogenetic growth. Nature 413:628−63

2. Zeng Y, Ye S, Yu W, Wu S, Hou W, et al. 2014. Genetic linkage map construction and QTL identification of juvenile growth traits in Torreya grandis. BMC Genetics 15:S2

Books:

Author. Year. Title|. pp Pages|. Place Published|: Publisher|. Number of Pages pp.

1. Boddy L, Hiscox J, Gilmartin EC et al. 2017. Wood decay communities in angiosperm wood. In The Fungal Community: Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystem, Fourth Edition, eds. Dighton J, White JF, 32:619. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 169−89

Book Section:

Author. Year. Title. In Book Title|, ed. Editor|, Volume|:Pages|. Place Published|: Publisher|. Number of Pages pp|.

1. Myles S, Liu D, 2004. The apple genome sheds light on the evolution of Rosaceae, ed. A Smith, Vol. 15, Atlanta: Maximum Academic Press. pp. 66-78.

Patents:

Inventor. Year. Country| Patent No. Patent Number

1. Denecker J, Hoeberichts F, Muhlenbock P, Van Breusegem F, Van Der Kelen K. 2013. U.S. Means and methods for the reduction of photorespiration in crops. WO Patent No. 2014147249A1.

Theses and Dissertations:

Author. Year. Title|. Thesis Type|. University|, Place Published|. Number of Pages pp.

1. Daniell D, 2005. Alternative oxidase is involved in the pathogenicity, development, and oxygen stress response of Botrytis cinerea, Thesis, University of Washington. U.S. pp. 55-78.

Conference Proceedings:

Author. Year Published. Title|. Proc. Conference Name|, Edition, Conference Location, Year of Conference|, Volume|:Pages|. Place Published|: Publisher

1. Mohan Jain S. 2013. Mutation-assisted breeding for improving ornamental plants. Proc. XXII International Eucarpia Symposium, Section Ornamentals, Breeding for Beauty, Thuringia, 2013, 714:85-98. Thuringia: Tuorix Press

Magazine Article:

Author. Year. Title. Magazine Volume|:Pages

1. Hong Y. 2008. Phospholipas Is Involved in the Hyperosmotic Response in Arabidopsis. Agronomy Magazine 20:14−16

Report:

Author. Year. Title|. Type|. Rep. Report Number|, Institution|, Place Published

1. du Jardin P. 2012. The Science of Plant Biostimulants − a bibliographic analysis. Technical Report. Ad. Hoc. Study on Bio-stimulants Products 30-CE0455515/00-96, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/169257/1/Plant_Biostimulants_final_report_bio_2012_en.pdf

Web page:

Author/Organization. Year. Title. URL

1. Biostimulant Coalition. 2013. What are the biostimulants? www.biostimulantcoalition.org

(15) Tables and Figures

Authors should submit tables and figures with clear content. Tables and figures should be numbered consecutively in Arabic numerals as Table 1, 2, 3 and Figure 1, 2, 3.

● Each figure/table should be supplied as an individual file

● Letterings on figures should be in Times New Roman, and the font size should be 8 ~10 pt

● The minimum line width for figures should be 0.4 pt

● Composite figures should be labeled as Figure 1a, 1b, 1c, etc. with a, b, and c clearly labeled in each panel

● Any color images should be saved in RGB color mode at 300 dpi or higher

● Any mono line art should be saved in gray mode at 600 dpi

● TIFF, EPS, JPG and PDF files are the preferred format for figures. It is recommended that you generate your figures in JPEG format before converting them to PDFs or uploading individual files. This will reduce the file sizes and enable you to obtain figures close to the requirements

● Tables should be in editable format. Please avoid using vertical rules and shading in table cells

● Table and figure legends should be placed immediately above or below each, table/figure respectively. All designations in the tables or figures should use the lower case alphabet, in the order of a, b, c

(16) Supplementary Files

● Supplementary figures/tables should be cited/numbered consecutively in the main text

● Each supplementary figure/table should be supplied as an individual file

● The content in supplementary figures/tables should be clear enough to read

● TIFF, EPS, JPG and PDF are the preferred format for supplementary figures

● PDF is the preferred format for supplementary tables, but it is acceptable if large tables are supplied as Microsoft Excel files

(17) Sharing of Research Data, Software and Protocols

The journal encourages authors to share data that supports their research publication wherever it is appropriate, by interlinking the data with their published articles. Research data refer to the results of observations or experimentation that validate research findings. 

Data availability

A statement on data availability is required for all original articles which informs readers about the accessibility of research data linked to a paper and outlines the terms under which the data can be obtained. The statement should contain details about the location of the data that underpins the outcomes presented in the article. This may involve links to publicly archived datasets analyzed or produced during the research, where relevant. The term "data" refers to the fundamental dataset required to comprehend, reproduce, and expand upon the conclusions put forth in the article. We acknowledge that there are circumstances were making research data openly accessible might not be feasible, especially when it could jeopardize individual privacy. In such cases, the manuscript should still include a data availability statement, along with any prerequisites for accessing the data.

The table below contains template statements that you can use or adapt. A combination of more than one if required for multiple datasets.

Availability of data	Template for data availability statement
Data derived from public domain resources.	The data that support the findings of this study are available in the [NAME] repository. These data were derived from the following resources available in the public domain: [list resources and URLs].
The data are not publicly available due to [restrictions].	The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due [REASON WHY DATA ARE NOT PUBLIC] but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author, [initials].	The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Data sharing not applicable (no new data generated).	Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.
Data available within the article or its supplementary materials.	All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].

Microarray Data Submission

The microarray data should be submitted to an appropriate public repository, such as Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) or Array Express, and an accession number should be included in the manuscript upon submission. Microarray data should be MIAME compliant.

The suggested wording for referring to accession number information is: 'The microarray data generated in this study have been deposited in the [repository name, e.g., Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)] under accession number [insert accession number]. This dataset can be accessed at [insert link if available].'

Software and Protocols

To facilitate reproducibility and data reuse, the journal also encourages authors to share their software, code, models, algorithms, protocols, methods and other useful materials related to the project. Genome and single cell sequence data, transcriptome, metabolome and other big data sets must be deposited to a reliable and permanent repository before the paper will be published. Unavailability may result in a retraction of the published paper.

(18) Language Editing

Authors need to ensure the English language is of sufficient quality to be understood so that editors and reviewers can accurately assess the work presented in the manuscript. Language Editing Services can assist authors to improve and polish the language of the manuscript, but authors need to cover the cost of this themselves.

If you are an author whose native language is not English—or you have any concerns regarding the language quality of your manuscript—we recommend having your manuscript professionally edited by a qualified English-speaking researcher in your field prior to submission.

1. Online Proof Correction

The corresponding author will receive an e-mail containing a URL linking to the proofing site, allowing annotation and correction of proofs online. To ensure a fast publication process of manuscripts, proof reading and corrections must be returned within 3 days.

2. Article Processing Charges (APCs)

MAP journals levies an Article Processing Charge (APC) per article. Only accepted papers will be charged. Authors will receive a payment email alongside the "License to Publish" form.

3. License to Publish (LTP)

Publishing Open Access will mean the paper is freely accessible online immediately upon publication. By signing the License to Publish, authors are permitted to post the final, published PDF of their article on a website, institutional repository, or other free public server, immediately on publication. Open access articles are published under a CC BY License (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License). This license allows readers to copy, distribute and transmit the contribution as long as it is attributed back to the author. Readers are permitted to alter, transform or build upon the contribution, and to use the article for commercial purposes. Please read the full license for further details at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Click to Download LTP

4. Permission for Photographic/Illustration Use

When re-using figures from a third-party (i.e., another journal) or those which are copyrighted, the authors must submit the documents of permission provided by the original publisher or the copyright holder. The copyright holder, who could be an individual, corporation, or, most frequently, a publisher, must complete the Permission for Photographic/Illustration Use.

Click here to download the Permission Form