The development of perovskite photoelectric devices with excellent performance is largely dependent on the defects in the perovskite films. To address this issue, a specific drug, leflunomide (LF, C₁₂H₉F₃N₂O₂), was incorporated into the perovskite to reduce defects and improve its photoelectric properties. It is believed that the C=O bond on LF molecule can interact with the uncoordinated Pb²⁺ of the perovskite, thereby reducing non-radiative recombination. This novel approach of incorporating LF into perovskite films has the potential to revolutionize the development of high-performance perovskite photoelectric devices. The trifluoromethyl functional (–CF₃) group on LF can form a protective layer on the surface of the perovskite film, shielding it from water erosion. Moreover, LF can be utilized to alter the nucleation position of perovskite, thus minimizing the number of defects and optimizing the film quality. Consequently, the LF-doped perovskite film displays low trap density and high photoelectric performance. The LF-doped perovskite film showed a trap density of 8.28 × 10¹¹, which is notably lower than the 2.04 × 10¹² of the perovskite film without LF. The responsivity and detectivity of the LF-doped perovskite photodetector were 0.771 A/W and 2.81 × 10¹¹ Jones, respectively, which are much higher than the 0.23 A/W and 1.06 × 10¹⁰ Jones of the LF-undoped perovskite photodetector. Meanwhile, the LF-doped photodetector maintained an initial photocurrent of 86% after 30 days of storage in air, indicating drastically increased environmental stability. This strongly suggests that LF is an effective additive for perovskites utilized in optoelectronic devices with high performance.

Atomic noble metals stand as one of the most advanced catalysts because of their unique properties and interaction with the reactants. However, due to their high activity, noble atomic catalysts tend to aggregate and deactivate in practical application. Moreover, supports aimed to disperse these atomic catalysts often suffer from weak confinement and poor porosity, thus limited the catalytic efficiency of noble atoms. Here, we report the facile encapsulation of atomic noble catalyst in cheap cerous metal-organic framework (Ce-MOF) crystals to create a robust catalyst that could deliver high catalytic performance for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol without decay in long-term cycling test. Specifically, Au atoms encapsulated in Ce-MOF exhibited ultrahigh turnover frequency (TOF) of 131 min^-1 for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol in minutes, consuming only 10% precious metals compared with state-of-the-art catalysts operated under same condition.