Coupling quantum dots (QDs) in S-scheme (referred to as QD-S-scheme) is an efficient approach for photocatalysis. However, a comprehensive review of S-scheme QDs heterojunction photocatalysts is, to the best of our knowledge, absent. Herein, a concise overview of the unique advantages and limitations of QDs in photocatalytic reactions, as well as the charge transfer mechanism of the S-scheme is first introduced. Secondly, a thorough summary and evaluation of the types and assembly strategies of QDs are presented, highlighting the pivotal role of the QD-S-scheme heterojunction interface in photocatalytic performance. Then, the characterization methods for the charge transfer from the bulk to the interface and surface are discussed from the perspectives of the built-in electric field (BEF), steady-state and transient charge transfer processes, and photochemical reactions. And the design principles and optimization strategies for surface modulation, interface construction, and heterojunction design are also illustrated. Finally, insights on the current research status, challenges, and prospects of the QD-S-scheme are presented to contribute the development of QD-S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts.

Combining the noncovalent and covalent interactions, a series of peptide amphiphiles were designed de novo and synthesized to architect functional assemblies by means of photochemistry. The strand of peptide sequence was structurally capped with photoactive tyrosine-tyrosine (YY) motifs at both termini, and the spacing was filled by alternating of hydrophilic D (L-aspartate) and hydrophobic X (ε-aminocaproic acid) structure. Upon visible-light irradiation, these de novo designed peptides underwent rapid photocrosslinking within merely 10 min. Interestingly, the modulation of alternating D–X pairs in occupying spacer would adjust molecular amphiphilicity, regulate charge distribution, and control particle size and loading capacity of peptide nanospheres (PNS) in aqueous media. With entirely peptide-based matrix, this PNS system could host cationic indicators of fluorescent rhodamine and magnetic Gd^III for exemplar near infrared (NIR) fluorescence and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, which paves a pathway to biomaterial and biomedical applications using de novo designed peptides.