Discover the SciOpen Platform and Achieve Your Research Goals with Ease.
Search articles, authors, keywords, DOl and etc.
Autoantibody (AAb) detection has become one of the standards of diagnosis for autoimmune liver disease (AILD), and some AAbs have become specific biomarkers of AILD. In addition, AAbs can be detected in patients with non‐AILDs, such as viral hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease. However, the distribution characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms of AAbs in patients with non‐AILD are unclear. This article summarizes the characteristics of AAbs in several common clinical chronic liver diseases (CLDs) and discusses the value of AAb analysis in CLD.
Xiao ZX, Miller JS, Zheng SG. An updated advance of autoantibodies in autoimmune disease. Autoimmun Rev. 2021;20(2):102743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102743
Engel B, Taubert R, Jaeckel E, Manns MP. The future of autoimmune liver diseases – understanding pathogenesis and improving morbidity and mortality. Liver Int. 2020;40(Suppl 1):149–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.14378
Komori A. Recent updates on the management of autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2021;27(1):58–69. https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2020.0189
Terziroli Beretta‐Piccoli B, Mieli‐Vergani G, Vergani D. Autoimmmune hepatitis. Cell Mol Immunol. 2022;19(2):158–76. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-021-00768-8
Ahmad A, Heijke R, Eriksson P, Wirestam L, Kechagias S, Dahle C, et al. Autoantibodies associated with primary biliary cholangitis are common among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus even in the absence of elevated liver enzymes. Clin Exp Immunol. 2021;203(1):22–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.13512
Sebode M, Weiler‐Normann C, Liwinski T, Schramm C. Autoantibodies in autoimmune liver disease— clinical and diagnostic relevance. Front Immunol. 2018;9:609. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00609
Irure‐Ventura J, López‐Hoyos M. The past, present, and future in antinuclear antibodies (ANA). Diagnostics. 2022;12(3):647. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12030647
Nakamura RM, Tan EM. Recent progress in the study of autoantibodies to nuclear antigens. Hum Pathol. 1978;9(1):85–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0046-8177(78)80010-0
Nakamura RM, Tan EM. Recent advances in laboratory tests and the significance of autoantibodies to nuclear antigens in systemic rheumatic diseases. Clin Lab Med. 1986;6(1):41–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-2712(18)30825-4
Cowling DC, Mackay IR, Taft LI. Lupoid hepatitis. Lancet. 1956;271(6957):1323–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(56)91483-0
Liberal R, Mieli‐Vergani G, Vergani D. Clinical significance of autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis. J Autoimmun. 2013;46:17–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2013.08.001
Whittingham S, Irwin J, Mackay IR, Smalley M. Smooth muscle autoantibody in “autoimmune” hepatitis. Gastroenterology. 1966;51(4):499–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(19)34365-3
Cotler SJ, Kanji K, Keshavarzian A, Jensen DM, Jakate S. Prevalence and significance of autoantibodies in patients with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2004;38(9):801–4. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mcg.0000139072.38580.a0
Vergani D, Alvarez F, Bianchi FB, Cancado EL, Mackay IR, Manns MP, et al. Liver autoimmune serology: a consensus statement from the committee for autoimmune serology of the international autoimmune hepatitis group. J Hepatol. 2004;41(4):677–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2004.08.002
Gueguen M, Meunier‐Rotival M, Bernard O, Alvarez F. Anti‐liver kidney microsome antibody recognizes a cytochrome P450 from the IID subfamily. J Exp Med. 1988;168(2):801–6. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.168.2.801
Manns MP, Griffin KJ, Sullivan KF, Johnson EF. LKM‐1 autoantibodies recognize a short linear sequence in P450IID6, a cytochrome P‐450 monooxygenase. J Clin Invest. 1991;88(4):1370–8. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI115443
Manns MP, Johnson EF, Griffin KJ, Tan EM, Sullivan KF. Major antigen of liver kidney microsomal autoantibodies in idiopathic autoimmune hepatitis is cytochrome P450db1. J Clin Invest. 1989;83(3):1066–72. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI113949
Lenzi M, Manotti P, Muratori L, Cataleta M, Ballardini G, Gassani F, et al. Liver cytosolic 1 antigen‐antibody system in type 2 autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis C virus infection. Gut. 1995;36(5):749–54. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.36.5.749
Lu M, Zhou Y, Haller IV, Romanelli RJ, VanWormer JJ, Rodriguez CV, et al. Increasing prevalence of primary biliary cholangitis and reduced mortality with treatment. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;16(8):1342–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2017.12.033
Beuers U, Gershwin ME, Gish RG, Invernizzi P, Jones DE, Lindor K, et al. Changing nomenclature for PBC: From ‘cirrhosis’ to ‘cholangitis’. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2015;39(5):e57–e5959. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310593
Selmi C, Balkwill DL, Invernizzi P, Ansari AA, Coppel RL, Podda M, et al. Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis react against a ubiquitous xenobiotic‐metabolizing bacterium. Hepatology. 2003;38(5):1250–7. https://doi.org/10.1053/jhep.2003.50446
Walker JG, Doniach D, Roitt IM, Sherlock S. Serological tests in diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet. 1965;1(7390):827–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(65)91372-3
Berg PA, Klein R. Antimitochondrial antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis and other disorders: definition and clinical relevance. Dig Dis. 1992;10(2):85–101. https://doi.org/10.1159/000171347
Muratori L, Granito A, Muratori P, Pappas G, Bianchi FB. Antimitochondrial Antibodies and other antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis: diagnostic and prognostic value. Clin Liver Dis. 2008;12(2):261–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cld.2008.02.009
Poyatos E, Morandeira F, Climent J, Mas V, Castellote J, Bas J. Detection of anti‐mitochondrial 2‐oxoacid dehydrogenase complex subunit’s antibodies for the diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis. Clinical Immunol. 2021:108749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2021.108749
Tana MM, Shums Z, Milo J, Norman GL, Leung PS, Gershwin ME, et al. The significance of autoantibody changes over time in primary biliary cirrhosis. Am J Clin Pathol. 2015;144(4):601–6. https://doi.org/10.1309/AJCPQV4A7QAEEFEV
Ruffatti A, Arslan P, Floreani A, De Silvestro G, Calligaro A, Naccarato R, et al. Nuclear membrane‐staining antinuclear antibody in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. J Clin Immunol. 1985;5(5):357–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00918255
Bandin O, Courvalin JC, Poupon R, Dubel L, Homberg JC, Johanet C. Specificity and sensitivity of gp210 autoantibodies detected using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and a synthetic polypeptide in the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1996;23(5):1020–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.510230512
Rigamonti C, Shand LM, Feudjo M, Bunn CC, Black CM, Denton CP, et al. Clinical features and prognosis of primary biliary cirrhosis associated with systemic sclerosis. Gut. 2006;55(3):388–94. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2005.075002
Nakamura M, Kondo H, Mori T, Komori A, Matsuyama M, Ito M, et al. Anti‐gp210 and anti‐centromere antibodies are different risk factors for the progression of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2007;45(1):118–27. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.21472
Liberal R, Grant CR, Sakkas L, Bizzaro N, Bogdanos DP. Diagnostic and clinical significance of anti‐centromere antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2013;37(6):572–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinre.2013.04.005
Honda A, Ikegami T, Matsuzaki Y. Anti‐gp210 and anti‐centromere antibodies for the prediction of PBC patients with an incomplete biochemical response to UDCA and bezafibrate. Hepatol Res. 2015;45(8):827–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/hepr.12461
Mandai S, Kanda E, Arai Y, Hirasawa S, Hirai T, Aki S, et al. Anti‐centromere antibody is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2013;17(3):405–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-012-0724-1
Lee YM, Kaplan MM. Primary sclerosing cholangitis. N Engl J Med. 1995;332(14):924–33. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199504063321406
Kaplan GG, Laupland KB, Butzner D, Urbanski SJ, Lee SS. The burden of large and small duct primary sclerosing cholangitis in adults and children: a population‐based analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(5):1042–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01103.x
Dave M, Elmunzer BJ, Dwamena BA, Higgins PD. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: meta‐analysis of diagnostic performance of MR cholangiopancreatography. Radiology. 2010;256(2):387–96. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.10091953
Lindor KD, Kowdley KV, Harrison ME, American College of Gastroenterology. ACG clinical guideline: primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015;110(5):646–59. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2015.112
European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of cholestatic liver diseases. J Hepatol. 2009;51(2):237–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2009.04.009
Pokorny CS, Norton ID, McCaughan GW, Selby WS. Anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody: a prognostic indicator in primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1994;9(1):40–4. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.1994.tb01214
Liang TJ. Hepatitis B: the virus and disease. Hepatology. 2009;49(5 Suppl):S13–S21. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.22881
Bogdanos DP, Mieli‐Vergani G, Vergani D. Virus, liver and autoimmunity. Dig Liver Dis. 2000;32(5):440–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1590-8658(00)80266-2
Maya R, Gershwin ME, Shoenfeld Y. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and autoimmune disease. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2008;34(1):85–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-007-8013-6
Hsu TC, Tsay GJ, Chen TY, Liu YC, Tzang BS. Anti‐PCNA autoantibodies preferentially recognize C‐terminal of PCNA in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Clin Exp Immunol. 2006;144(1):110–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03046.x
Min L, Jing H, Li S, De Kai Q. Prevalence and significance of autoantibodies in patients with alcoholic liver disease. J Dig Dis. 2013;14(7):396–401. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-2980.12057
Marcellin P, Kutala B. Liver diseases: a major, neglected global public health problem requiring urgent actions and large scale screening. Liver Int. 2018;38(Suppl 1):2–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.13682
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.