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Review Article

Graphitic carbon nitride with different dimensionalities for energy and environmental applications

Qiang Hao1, Guohua Jia2, Wei Wei1, Ajayan Vinu3, Yuan Wang4, Hamidreza Arandiyan5, Bing-Jie Ni1( )
Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis for Sustainability, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Graphical Abstract

Abstract

As a metal-free semiconductor, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has received extensive attention due to its high stability, nontoxicity, facile and low-cost synthesis, appropriate band gap in the visible spectral range and wide availability of resources. The dimensions of g-C3N4 can influence the regime of the confinement of electrons, and consequently, g-C3N4 with various dimensionalities shows different properties, making them available for many stimulating applications. Although there are some reviews focusing on the synthesis strategy and applications of g-C3N4, there is still a lack of comprehensive review that systemically summarises the synthesis and application of different dimensions of g-C3N4, which can provide an important theoretical and practical basis for the development of g-C3N4 with different dimensionalities and maximises their potential in diverse applications. By reviewing the latest progress of g-C3N4 studies, we aim to summarise the preparation of g-C3N4 with different dimensionalities using various structural engineering strategies, discuss the fundamental bottlenecks of currently existing methods and their solution strategies, and explore their applications in energy and environmental applications. Furthermore, it also puts forward the views on the future research direction of these unique materials.

Keywords

graphitic carbon nitridemicro-nano structureenergy functional materialsenvironmental functional materialsphotocatalyst

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Nano Research
Volume 13 Issue 1,
January 2020
Pages 18-37
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-019-2589-z
Cite this article:
Hao Q, Jia G, Wei W, et al. Graphitic carbon nitride with different dimensionalities for energy and environmental applications. Nano Research, 2020, 13(1): 18-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-019-2589-z
Topics:
Energy gapNanostructuresNitridesPhotocatalysts

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Received: 09 October 2019
Revised: 20 November 2019
Accepted: 28 November 2019
Published: 18 December 2019
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
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