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Research Article

Ultrafast metal oxide reduction at Pd/PdO2 interface enables one-second hydrogen gas detection under ambient conditions

Xin Geng1,§, Shuwei Li2,3,4,§, Zhi Mei1, Dongsheng Li5, Liang Zhang2,3,4( ), Long Luo1( )
Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
Center for Combustion Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Beijing 100084, China
Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA

§ Xin Geng and Shuwei Li contributed equally to this work.

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Graphical Abstract

We report a Pd/PdOx sensing material that achieves 1-s detection of 4% H2 gas (i.e., the lower explosive limit concentration for H2) at room temperature in air. Furthermore, the mechanistic study reveals that the ultrafast PdOx reduction at the Pd/PdO2 interface in Pd/PdOx enables the 1-s H2 gas detection.

Abstract

Here, we report a Pd/PdOx sensing material that achieves 1-s detection of 4% H2 gas (i.e., the lower explosive limit concentration for H2) at room temperature in air. The Pd/PdOx material is a network of interconnected nanoscopic domains of Pd, PdO, and PdO2. Upon exposure to 4% H2, PdO and PdO2 in the Pd/PdOx are immediately reduced to metallic Pd, generating over a > 90% drop in electrical resistance. The mechanistic study reveals that the Pd/PdO2 interface in Pd/PdOx is responsible for the ultrafast PdOx reduction. Metallic Pd at the Pd/PdO2 interface enables fast H2 dissociation to adsorbed H atoms, significantly lowering the PdO2 reduction barrier. In addition, control experiments suggest that the interconnectivity of Pd, PdO, and PdO2 in our Pd/PdOx sensing material further facilitates the reduction of PdO, which would otherwise not occur. The 1-s response time of Pd/PdOx under ambient conditions makes it an excellent alarm for the timely detection of hydrogen gas leaks.

Keywords

metal oxide reductionPd/PdO2 interface1-s H2 gas detectionambient conditions

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Nano Research
Volume 16 Issue 1,
January 2023
Pages 1149-1157
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4816-2
Cite this article:
Geng X, Li S, Mei Z, et al. Ultrafast metal oxide reduction at Pd/PdO2 interface enables one-second hydrogen gas detection under ambient conditions. Nano Research, 2023, 16(1): 1149-1157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4816-2
Topics:
Nano detection

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Received: 16 June 2022
Revised: 21 July 2022
Accepted: 22 July 2022
Published: 19 August 2022
© Battelle Memorial Institute under exclusive licence to Tsinghua University Press 2022
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