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Research Article

Adjusting oxygen vacancy of VO2·xH2O nanoarray architectures for efficient NH4+ storage

Jia’ni Gong1, Pengfei Bai2, Jingjing Sun1, Yanyan Liu1, Xueying Dong1, Tao Hu1( ), Changgong Meng1,3, Yifu Zhang1( )
School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
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Graphical Abstract

We prepare VO2·xH2O anode material with nano-array structure for aqueous ammonium ion batteries. The anode material shows excellent rate performance under both ordinary load (220 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 A·g−1) and heavy load (120 mAh·g−1 at 0.2 A·g−1). The ordinary load corresponds to 2 mg·cm−1, while the heavy load is 11 mg·cm−1. Additionally, the application of quasi-solid flexible ammonium ion battery shows good foldability.

Abstract

Aqueous rechargeable batteries are the promising energy storge technology due to their safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. Ammonium ion (NH4+) is an ideal charge carrier for such batteries because of its small hydration radius and low molar mass. In this study, VO2·xH2O with rich oxygen defects (d-HVO) is designed and synthesized, and it exhibits unique nanoarray structure and good electrochemical performances for NH4+ storge. Experimental and calculation results indicate that oxygen defects in d-HVO can enhance the conductivity and diffusion rate of NH4+, leading to improved electrochemical performances. The most significant improvement is observed in d-HVO with 2 mmol thiourea (d-HVO-2) (220 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 A·g−1), which has a moderate defect content. A full cell is assembled using d-HVO-2 as the anode and polyaniline (PANI) as the cathode, which shows excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention rate of 80% after 1000 cycles and outstanding power density up to 4540 W·kg−1. Moreover, the flexible d-HVO-2||PANI battery, based on quasi-solid electrolyte, shows excellent flexibility under different bending conditions. This study provides a new approach for designing and developing high-performance NH4+ storage electrode materials.

Keywords

hydrate vanadium dioxideoxygen defectsammonium-ion batteryanode material

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Nano Research
Volume 17 Issue 4,
April 2024
Pages 2646-2654
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-6059-2
Cite this article:
Gong J, Bai P, Sun J, et al. Adjusting oxygen vacancy of VO2·xH2O nanoarray architectures for efficient NH4+ storage. Nano Research, 2024, 17(4): 2646-2654. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6059-2
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Received: 16 June 2023
Revised: 26 July 2023
Accepted: 29 July 2023
Published: 31 August 2023
© Tsinghua University Press 2023
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