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Research Article

Dielectric nanocomposites with superb high-temperature capacitive performance based on high intrinsic dielectric constant polymer

Ding Ai1( ), Yuan Chang1, Haoliang Liu1, Chenglong Wu1, Yao Zhou1, Yuting Han1, Hao Yu1, Bing Xiao1( ), Yonghong Cheng1, Guanglei Wu2( ), Zirui Jia2( )
State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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Graphical Abstract

High temperature sulfonylated polyimide (SPI) nanocomposite containing HfO2 have been developed for capacitive energy storage. The underlying physical mechanisms of capacitive performance improvement for the nanocomposites have been revealed. The increased dielectric constant and enhanced breakdown strength contribute to the superior energy storage performance at elevated temperature.

Abstract

Advancements in power electronics necessitate dielectric polymer films capable of operating at high temperatures and possessing high energy density. Although significant strides have been achieved by integrating inorganic fillers into high-temperature polymer matrices, the inherently low dielectric constants of these matrices have tempered the magnitude of success. In this work, we report an innovative nanocomposite based on sulfonylated polyimide (SPI), distinguished by the incorporation of sulfonyl groups within the SPI backbone and the inclusion of wide bandgap hafnium dioxide (HfO2) nanofillers. The nanocomposite has demonstrated notable enhancements in thermal stability, dielectric properties, and capacitive performance at elevated temperatures. Detailed simulations at both molecular and mesoscopic levels have elucidated the mechanisms behind these improvements, which could be attributed to confined segmental motion, an optimized electronic band structure, and a diminished incidence of dielectric breakdown ascribed to the presence of sulfonyl groups. Remarkably, the SPI-HfO2 nanocomposite demonstrates a high charge-discharge efficiency of 95.7% at an elevated temperature of 150 °C and an applied electric field of 200 MV/m. Furthermore, it achieves a maximum discharged energy density of 2.71 J/cm³, signalling its substantial potential for energy storage applications under extreme conditions.

Keywords

dielectric polymer nanocompositeshigh-temperaturehigh dielectric constantsulfonyl groupsenergy storage performance

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Nano Research
Volume 17 Issue 9,
September 2024
Pages 8504-8512
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-024-6793-0
Cite this article:
Ai D, Chang Y, Liu H, et al. Dielectric nanocomposites with superb high-temperature capacitive performance based on high intrinsic dielectric constant polymer. Nano Research, 2024, 17(9): 8504-8512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-024-6793-0
Topics:
EnergyNanocompositesNanoparticlesNanostructuresPolymer films

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Received: 23 April 2024
Revised: 24 May 2024
Accepted: 28 May 2024
Published: 13 July 2024
© Tsinghua University Press 2024
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