AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Friction Article
PDF (2 MB)
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript AI Chat Paper
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article | Open Access

AFM probe with the U-shaped cross-sectional cantilever for measuring the ultra-low coefficient of friction of 10–6

Yushan CHEN, Liang JIANG( ), Linmao QIAN
Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
Show Author Information

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Accurately measuring the coefficient of friction (COF) is the fundamental prerequisite of superlubricity research. This study aimed to reduce the COF measurement resolution Δμ of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Based on the theoretical model, a distinctive strategy was adopted to reduce Δμ by optimizing the cantilever’s cross-section of the AFM probe, inspired by civil engineering. Δμ can be reduced by decreasing the width of the horizontal side wR and the wall thickness t and increasing the width of the vertical side wH. Moreover, the I-shape demonstrates the highest reduction in Δμ, followed by the U-shape. Considering the processability, the AFM probe with the U-shaped cross-sectional cantilever was investigated further, and the dimensions are 35 μm wR, 3.5 μm wH, 0.5 μm t, 50 μm l (cantilever length), and 23 μm htip (tip height). The finite element analysis results confirm its reliability. After being fabricated and calibrated, the AFM probe achieves the minimal Δμ of 1.9×10–6 under the maximum normal force so far. Additionally, the friction detection capability of the fabricated AFM probe improves by 78 times compared to the commercial tipless-force modulation mode (TL-FM) AFM probe with the conventional solid rectangular cross-sectional cantilever. This study provides a powerful tool for measuring 10–6 COF.

Keywords

superlubricitycoefficient of frictionatomic force microscopyprobecantilever

Electronic Supplementary Material

Download File(s)
40544_0821_ESM.pdf (545.7 KB)

References

[1]
Erdemir A, Martin J-M. Superlubricity. Elsevier, 2007.
[2]
Liu H, Yang B M, Wang C, Han Y S, Liu D M. The mechanisms and applications of friction energy dissipation. Friction 11(6): 839–864 (2023)
Crossref Google Scholar
[3]
Hirano M, Shinjo K. Atomistic locking and friction. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 41(17): 11837–11851 (1990)
Crossref Google Scholar
[4]
Hirano M, Shinjo K, Kaneko R, Murata Y. Anisotropy of frictional forces in muscovite mica. Phys Rev Lett 67(19): 2642–2645 (1991)
Crossref Google Scholar
[5]
Zhang D L, Li Z B, Klausen L H, Li Q, Dong M D. Friction behaviors of two-dimensional materials at the nanoscale. Mater Today Phys 27: 100771 (2022)
Crossref Google Scholar
[6]
Socoliuc A, Bennewitz R, Gnecco E, Meyer E. Transition from stick-slip to continuous sliding in atomic friction: Entering a new regime of ultralow friction. Phys Rev Lett 92(13): 134301 (2004)
Crossref Google Scholar
[7]
Li J J, Luo J B. Advancements in superlubricity. Sci China Technol Sci 56(12): 2877–2887 (2013)
Crossref Google Scholar
[8]
Zhang X B, Ye J. Precision measurement and frequency metrology with ultracold atoms. Natl Sci Rev 3(2): 189–200 (2016)
Crossref Google Scholar
[9]
Perry S S, Tysoe W T. Frontiers of fundamental tribological research. Tribol Lett 19(3): 151–161 (2005)
Crossref Google Scholar
[10]
Dienwiebel M, Verhoeven G S, Pradeep N, Frenken J W M, Heimberg J A, Zandbergen H W. Superlubricity of graphite. Phys Rev Lett 92(12): 126101 (2004)
Crossref Google Scholar
[11]
Baykara M Z, Vazirisereshk M R, Martini A. Emerging superlubricity: A review of the state of the art and perspectives on future research. Appl Phys Rev 5(4): 041102 (2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[12]
Zheng Q S, Liu Z. Experimental advances in superlubricity. Friction 2(2): 182–192 (2014)
Crossref Google Scholar
[13]
Li J J, Li J F, Luo J B. Superlubricity of graphite sliding against graphene nanoflake under ultrahigh contact pressure. Adv Sci 5(11): 1800810 (2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[14]
Liu Y M, Wang K, Xu Q, Zhang J, Hu Y Z, Ma T B, Zheng Q S, Luo J B. Superlubricity between graphite layers in ultrahigh vacuum. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 12(38): 43167–43172 (2020)
Crossref Google Scholar
[15]
Liao M Z, Nicolini P, Du L J, Yuan J H, Wang S P, Yu H, Tang J, Cheng P, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, et al. UItra-low friction and edge-pinning effect in large-lattice-mismatch van der Waals heterostructures. Nat Mater 21(1): 47–53 (2022)
Crossref Google Scholar
[16]
Tartaglino U, Samoilov V N, Persson B N J. Role of surface roughness in superlubricity. J Phys Condens Matter 18(17): 4143–4160 (2006)
Crossref Google Scholar
[17]
Chen Y S, Jiang L, Qian L M. AFM probe for measuring ~10−5 ultra-low friction coefficient: Design and application. Friction 12(1): 64–73 (2024)
Crossref Google Scholar
[18]
Palacio M, Bhushan B. Normal and lateral force calibration techniques for AFM cantilevers. Crit Rev Solid State and Mater Sci 35(2): 73–104 (2010)
Crossref Google Scholar
[19]
Li J J, Gao T Y, Luo J B. Superlubricity of graphite induced by multiple transferred graphene nanoflakes. Adv Sci 5(3): 1700616 (2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[20]
Hsu J H, Chang S H. Tribological interaction between multi-walled carbon nanotubes and silica surface using lateral force microscopy. Wear 266(9–10): 952–959 (2009)
Crossref Google Scholar
[21]
Tabor R F, Grieser F, Dagastine R R, Chan D Y C. Measurement and analysis of forces in bubble and droplet systems using AFM. J Colloid Interface Sci 371(1): 1–14 (2012)
Crossref Google Scholar
[22]
Ando T, Li X P, Nakao S, Kasai T, Shikida M, Sato K. Effect of crystal orientation on fracture strength and fracture toughness of single crystal silicon. In Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems. Maastricht, the Netherlands, 2004: 177–180.
[23]
Hawari H F, Wahab Y, Azmi M T, Md Shakaff A Y, Hashim U, Johari S. Design and analysis of various microcantilever shapes for MEMS based sensing. J Phys: Conf Ser 495: 012045 (2014)
Crossref Google Scholar
[24]
Shah M A, Iqbal F, Lee B-L. Simulation of a dual axis MEMS seismometer for building monitoring system. In Proceedings of the COMSOL Conference, Boston, USA, 2015.
[25]
Muhlstein C L, Brown S B, Ritchie R O. High-cycle fatigue of single-crystal silicon thin films. J Microelectromech Syst 10(4): 593–600 (2001)
Crossref Google Scholar
[26]
Moazzez B, O’Brien S M. Improved adhesion of gold thin films evaporated on polymer resin: Applications for sensing surfaces and MEMS. Sensors 13(6): 7021–7032 (2013)
Crossref Google Scholar
[27]
Liu S W, Wang H P, Xu Q, Ma T B, Yu G, Zhang C H, Geng D C, Yu Z W, Zhang S G, Wang W Z, et al. Robust microscale superlubricity under high contact pressure enabled by graphene-coated microsphere. Nat Commun 8: 14029 (2017)
Crossref Google Scholar
[28]
Liu Y M, Song A S, Xu Z, Zong R L, Zhang J, Yang W Y, Wang R, Hu Y Z, Luo J B, Ma T B. Interlayer friction and superlubricity in single-crystalline contact enabled by two-dimensional flake-wrapped atomic force microscope tips. ACS Nano 12(8): 7638–7646 (2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[29]
Alsharif N, Burkatovsky A, Lissandrello C, Jones K M, White A E, Brown K A. Design and realization of 3D printed AFM probes. Small 14(19): e1800162 (2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[30]
Alam M I, Kanagarajan B, Jana P. Optimal design of thin-walled open cross-section column for maximum buckling load. Thin Walled Struct 141: 423–434 (2019)
Crossref Google Scholar
[31]
Basaglia C, Camotim D, Silvestre N. Post-buckling analysis of thin-walled steel frames using generalised beam theory (GBT). Thin Walled Struct 62: 229–242 (2013)
Crossref Google Scholar
[32]
Ghavami P. Mechanics of Materials: An Introduction to Engineering Technology. Springer Cham, 2015: 111–141.
Crossref
Friction
Volume 12 Issue 8,
August 2024
Pages 1707-1715
DOI: 10.1007/s40544-023-0821-z
Cite this article:
CHEN Y, JIANG L, QIAN L. AFM probe with the U-shaped cross-sectional cantilever for measuring the ultra-low coefficient of friction of 10–6. Friction, 2024, 12(8): 1707-1715. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-023-0821-z

132

Views

3

Downloads

1

Crossref

0

Web of Science

0

Scopus

0

CSCD

Altmetrics
Received: 09 May 2023
Revised: 16 August 2023
Accepted: 27 August 2023
Published: 08 February 2024
© The author(s) 2023.

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Return