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Review Article | Open Access

Organoid models of gastrointestinal Neoplasms: Origin, current status and future applications in personalized medicine

Yi Pan,, Shuliang Zhao( ), Zhijun Cao( )
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China

Peer review under responsibility of Chongqing Medical University.

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Abstract

The in vitro organoid model is a major technological breakthrough that has been established as an important tool in many basic biological and clinical applications. This near-physiological 3D culture system accurately models various biological processes, including tissue renewal, stem cell/niche functions and tissue responses to drugs, mutations or damage. Organoids have the potential value of being an accurate model for disease predictions or drug screening applications and to identify the ideal treatment for that patient. Carcinogenesis can be modeled by mutating specific cancer genes in wild-type organoids; and patient-derived organoids provide an important resource in the development of personalized cancer treatment. Organoids from cancer patients could be used to identify the ideal treatment for a specific patient by growing matched healthy and diseased organoids from human cancer patients which additionally enables clinical screens for drug combinations. Organoids could also provide autologous cells or—in the future—tissue for transplantation. In this review, we discuss the current advances, challenges and potential applications of this technique in gastrointestinal neoplasms.

Keywords

Personalized medicineWnt signalingGastrointestinal neoplasmsIntestinal stem cellsLiving biobanksStem cell niches

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Genes & Diseases
Volume 5 Issue 4,
December 2018
Pages 323-330
DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.09.002
Cite this article:
Pan Y, Zhao S, Cao Z. Organoid models of gastrointestinal Neoplasms: Origin, current status and future applications in personalized medicine. Genes & Diseases, 2018, 5(4): 323-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2018.09.002

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Received: 07 September 2018
Accepted: 19 September 2018
Published: 24 September 2018
© 2018, Chongqing Medical University.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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