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Invited Article | Open Access

Introgression and gene family contraction drive the evolution of lifestyle and host shifts of hypocrealean fungi

Weiwei Zhanga,b, Xiaoling Zhanga, Kuan Lia, Chengshu Wangc, Lei Caia, Wenying Zhuanga, Meichun Xianga( ), Xingzhong Liua( )
State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Abstract

Hypocrealean fungi (Ascomycota) are known for their diversity of lifestyles. Their vital influences on agricultural and natural ecosystems have resulted in a number of sequenced genomes, which provide essential data for genomic analysis. Totally, 45 hypocrealean fungal genomes constructed a phylogeny. The phylogeny showed that plant pathogens in Nectriaceae diverged earliest, followed by animal pathogens in Cordycipitaceae, Ophiocordycipitaceae and Clavicipitaceae with mycoparasites in Hypocreaceae. Insect/nematode pathogens and grass endophytes in Clavicipitaceae diverged at last. Gene families associated with host-derived nutrients are significantly contracted in diverged lineages compared with the ancestral species. Introgression was detected in certain lineages of hypocrealean fungi, and the main functions of the genes located in the introgressed regions are involved in host recognition, transcriptional regulation, stress response and cell growth regulation. These results indicate that contraction of gene families and introgression might be main mechanisms to drive lifestyle differentiation and evolution and host shift of hypocrealean fungi.

Keywords

evolutionary processintrogressionPhylogenomicgene contractionhost shift

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Mycology
Volume 9 Issue 3,
September 2018
Pages 176-188
DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2018.1478333
Cite this article:
Zhang W, Zhang X, Li K, et al. Introgression and gene family contraction drive the evolution of lifestyle and host shifts of hypocrealean fungi. Mycology, 2018, 9(3): 176-188. https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2018.1478333

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Received: 26 April 2018
Accepted: 15 May 2018
Published: 24 May 2018
© 2018 The Author(s).

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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