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Topical Review | Open Access

Two-photon polymerization-based 4D printing and its applications

Bingcong Jian1,2Honggeng Li1,2( )Xiangnan He1,2Rong Wang1,2Hui Ying Yang3Qi Ge1,2 ( )
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
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Abstract

Two-photon polymerization (TPP) is a cutting-edge micro/nanoscale three-dimensional (3D) printing technology based on the principle of two-photon absorption. TPP surpasses the diffraction limit in achieving feature sizes and excels in fabricating intricate 3D micro/nanostructures with exceptional resolution. The concept of 4D entails the fabrication of structures utilizing smart materials capable of undergoing shape, property, or functional changes in response to external stimuli over time. The integration of TPP and 4D printing introduces the possibility of producing responsive structures with micro/nanoscale accuracy, thereby enhancing the capabilities and potential applications of both technologies. This paper comprehensively reviews TPP-based 4D printing technology and its diverse applications. First, the working principles of TPP and its recent advancements are introduced. Second, the optional 4D printing materials suitable for fabrication with TPP are discussed. Finally, this review paper highlights several noteworthy applications of TPP-based 4D printing, including domains such as biomedical microrobots, bioinspired microactuators, autonomous mobile microrobots, transformable devices and robots, as well as anti-counterfeiting microdevices. In conclusion, this paper provides valuable insights into the current status and future prospects of TPP-based 4D printing technology, thereby serving as a guide for researchers and practitioners.

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing
Cite this article:
Jian B, Li H, He X, et al. Two-photon polymerization-based 4D printing and its applications. International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, 2024, 6(1): 012001. https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/acfc03

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Received: 25 May 2023
Revised: 21 July 2023
Accepted: 20 September 2023
Published: 06 October 2023
© 2023 The Author(s).

Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

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