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Research Article | Open Access

Genetic differentiation of grain, fodder and pod vegetable type cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L.) identified through single nucleotide polymorphisms from genotyping-by-sequencing

Xingbo Wu1,2, Andrés J. Cortés3,4, Matthew W. Blair1 ( )
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
Tropical Research and Education Center, Department of Environmental Horticultural, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280th St, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria AGROSAVIA, C.I. La Selva, Km 7 vía Rionegro – Las Palmas, Rionegro, Colombia
Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Medellín, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias – Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Medellín, Colombia
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Abstract

The species Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp), commonly known as cowpea, is a multi-purpose legume that has been selected into three subspecies that are divided into grain, fodder and pod (yardlong bean) types. However, genetic bases for distinctions are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to apply genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and current reference genome for V. unguiculata to distinguish three subspecies and identify signatures of divergence. The collection of 130 accessions included 128 cultivated from: 1) ssp. cylindrica, fodder type; 2) ssp. sesquipedalis, pod vegetable type; and 3) ssp. unguiculata, grain type. Two wilds genotypes from spp. dekindtiana and spp. pubescens, were used to anchor phylogeny. A total of 11,083 highly informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were discovered. Wild accessions showed distinct genetic fingerprints and were separated from cultivated subspecies. Principal component analysis showed closer relationship between ssp. unguiculata and ssp. cylindrica compared to ssp. sesquipedalis. Relative differentiation of cultivated subspecies (with Fixation Index, FST) indicated the existence of discrete signatures of selection. This work clarifies the population structure, phylogeny, and domestication of cultivated cowpeas. Furthermore, significant genetic differences between grain and pod vegetable types can provide valuable information for future breeding in three cowpea groups.

Keywords

Genomic landscape of divergenceRelative differentiationFSTGBS-derived SNP markers

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Molecular Horticulture
Volume 2 Issue 1,
March 2022
Pages 8-8
DOI: 10.1186/s43897-022-00028-x
Cite this article:
Wu X, Cortés AJ, Blair MW. Genetic differentiation of grain, fodder and pod vegetable type cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L.) identified through single nucleotide polymorphisms from genotyping-by-sequencing. Molecular Horticulture, 2022, 2(1): 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43897-022-00028-x

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Received: 24 September 2021
Accepted: 21 February 2022
Published: 28 March 2022
© The Author(s). 2022

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