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Review | Open Access

Recent Development of Low Iridium Electrocatalysts toward Efficient Water Oxidation

Jing Ni1,2,#, Zhao-Ping Shi1,2,#, Xian Wang1,2, Yi-Bo Wang1,2, Hong-Xiang Wu1,2, Chang-Peng Liu1,2( ), Jun-Jie Ge1,2,3( ), Wei Xing1,2( )
State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytic Chemistry, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemistry Power, Changchun Institute of A pplied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
School of A pplied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China

#These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Developing high-performance and low-cost electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the key to implementing polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) for hydrogen production. To date, iridium (Ir) is the state-of-the-art OER catalyst, but still suffers from the insufficient activity and scarce earth abundance, which results in high cost both in stack and electricity. Design low-Ir catalysts with enhanced activity and stability that can match the requirements of high current and long-term operation in PEMWE is thus highly desired, which necessitate a deep understanding of acidic OER mechanisms, unique insights of material design strategies, and reliable performance evaluation norm, especially for durability. With these demand in mind, we in this review firstly performed a systematic summary on the currently recognized acidic OER mechanism on both activity expression (i.e. the adsorbate evolution mechanism, the lattice oxygen mediated mechanism and the multi-active center mechanism) and inactivation (i.e. active species dissolution, evolution of crystal phase and morphology, as well as catalyst shedding and active site blocking), which can provide guidance for material structural engineering towards higher performance in PEMWE devices. Subsequently, we critically reviewed several types of low-Ir OER catalysts recently reported, i.e. multimetallic alloy oxide, supported, spatially structured and single site catalysts, focusing on how the performance has been regulated and the underlying structure-performance relationship. Lastly, the commonly used indicators for catalyst stability evaluation, wide accepted deactivation characterization techniques and the lifetime probing methods mimicking the practical operation condition of PEMWE are introduced, hoping to provide a basis for catalyst screening. In the end, few suggestions on exploring future low-Ir OER catalysts that can be applied in the PEMWE system are proposed.

Keywords

oxygen evolution reactionpolymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysislow-iridiumcatalytic mechanism on activity and stabilityevaluation criteria for operational stability

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Journal of Electrochemistry
Volume 28 Issue 1-12,
2022
Article number: 2214010
DOI: 10.13208/j.electrochem.2214010
Cite this article:
Ni J, Shi Z-P, Wang X, et al. Recent Development of Low Iridium Electrocatalysts toward Efficient Water Oxidation. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2022, 28(9): 2214010. https://doi.org/10.13208/j.electrochem.2214010

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Received: 08 July 2022
Revised: 21 July 2022
Published: 17 August 2022
© 2022 Xiamen University and Chinese Chemical Society.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
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