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Review | Open Access

Advances on Composite Cathodes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Xi-Yao Li1, Chang-Xin Zhao1, Bo-Quan Li2,3 ( ), Jia-Qi Huang2,3, Qiang Zhang1 ( )
Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Abstract

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are deemed as high-promising next-generation energy storage technique due to their ultrahigh theoretical energy density, where the sulfur cathodes with high specific capacity guarantee the energy density advantage and directly determine the battery performances. After decades of exploration, the most promising sulfur cathodes are sulfur/carbon composite (S/C) cathodes and sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) cathodes. In this manuscript, recent advances on S/C and SPAN cathodes in Li-S batteries are comprehensively reviewed. The electrochemical reaction circumstances on S/C and SPAN cathodes are firstly introduced and compared to reveal the working mechanisms of the two types of Li-S batteries. The S/C cathodes mainly undergo solid-liquid-solid multi-phase conversion processes with typical double-plateau charge-discharge polarization curves. In comparison, the SPAN cathodes follow solid-solid conversion and exhibit single-plateau charge-discharge characteristics. Following that, key challenges and targeted optimizing strategies of the S/C and SPAN cathodes are respectively presented and discussed. For Li-S batteries with S/C cathodes, the main optimizing strategies are electrode structure modification, efficient electrocatalyst design, and redox comediation. For SPAN cathodes, the main optimizing strategies are electrode structure modification, morphology regulation by co-polymerization, heteroatom doping at molecular level, and extrinsic redox mediation. At last, current research status of Li-S batteries with S/C or SPAN cathodes are systematically analyzed through the comparison of several battery parameters, and perspectives on challenges and opportunities of S/C and SPAN cathodes in Li-S batteries are presented to guide future researches.

Keywords

lithium-sulfur batterysulfur/carbon composite cathodesulfurized polyacrylonitrile cathodelithium polysulfide

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Journal of Electrochemistry
Volume 28 Issue 1-12,
2022
Article number: 2219013
DOI: 10.13208/j.electrochem.2219013
Cite this article:
Li X-Y, Zhao C-X, Li B-Q, et al. Advances on Composite Cathodes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2022, 28(12): 2219013. https://doi.org/10.13208/j.electrochem.2219013

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Received: 08 December 2022
Revised: 02 December 2022
Published: 16 December 2022
© 2022 Editorial Office of Journal of Electrochemistry
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