Excellent high-temperature strength of (HfZrTiTaNb)C high-entropy carbide diffusion-bonded joint via <i>in-situ</i> alloying of Ni/Nb/Ni composite interlayer

Ruijie Mu; Ying Wang; Shiyu Niu; Kongbo Sun; Zhenwen Yang

doi:10.26599/JAC.2024.9221010

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Research Article | Open Access

Excellent high-temperature strength of (HfZrTiTaNb)C high-entropy carbide diffusion-bonded joint via in-situ alloying of Ni/Nb/Ni composite interlayer

Ruijie Mu^¹, Ying Wang^{¹^,²}(), Shiyu Niu^¹, Kongbo Sun^¹, Zhenwen Yang^{¹^,²}()

1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Joining Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China

2Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300350, China

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Abstract

To obtain high-entropy carbide (HEC) joints with excellent high-temperature performance, a (HfZrTiTaNb)C HEC joint featuring a direct diffusion-bonded interface with a Nb-based interlayer was successfully fabricated at relatively low temperatures of 1150–1250 °C for 60 min under 10 MPa. Starting from a modified Ni/Nb/Ni composite interlayer with a Nb content of > 64 at%, an alloyed Nb₂Ni layer was constructed in situ by accelerating the directional diffusion of Ni atoms from the high-entropy interface into the remaining pure Nb through the Ni‒Nb eutectic liquid. Moreover, the excess liquid phase was squeezed out of the bonding region, ensuring the absence of Ni-based compounds. Leveraging the intrinsic interfacial stability and sluggish diffusion effect, the HEC with its original lattice structure, was capable of developing diffusion bonding with the Nb₂Ni layer instead of interacting with the liquid phase. The high reliability of the HEC/Nb₂Ni bonded interface was confirmed by the coherence of (1 $\bar{1}$ 3)_HEC// $(141)_{{N b}_{2} N i}$ and a calculated lattice misfit of 0.044. The HEC joint had a high room-temperature strength of 174 MPa because of the homogenous Nb₂Ni layer, which exhibited nanohardness (15.2±1.5 GPa) and an elastic modulus of 219.9±17.5 GPa. Furthermore, the strength of the HEC joint did not decrease at 1000 °C, increasing by ~49% over that of HEC/Ni/HEC diffusion-bonded joints, which have stringent surface flatness requirements. This suggested that the HEC/Nb₂Ni interface had excellent resistance to high-temperature softening, even though it was invariably the initial failure location. This work is informative for designing bonding structures and preparing HEC components.

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high-entropy ceramic diffusion bonding in situ alloyed interlayer mechanical properties

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References

[1]

Pak AY, Sotskov V, Gumovskaya AA, et al. Machine learning-driven synthesis of TiZrNbHfTaC₅ high-entropy carbide. NPJ Comput Mater 2023, 9: 7.

Position	Hf	Zr	Ti	Ta	Nb	Ni	C	Possible phase
A	13.26	10.34	10.34	13.05	12.26	1.31	39.44	HEC
B	2.74	1.73	1.28	2.16	59.68	32.41	—	Nb₂Ni
C	2.28	2.70	2.78	5.27	54.42	32.55	—	(Nb,Ta)₂Ni
D	3.67	3.14	1.41	1.17	84.93	5.68	—	Nb(s,s)

Positions	Hf	Zr	Ti	Ta	Nb	Ni	Possible phase
A	3.92	2.57	2.18	4.27	19.68	67.38	Ni₃(Nb,Ta)
B	2.67	1.71	1.73	1.87	20.77	71.25	Ni₃Nb
C	2.56	1.52	1.32	1.17	45.48	47.95	NiNb
D	2.74	1.73	1.28	2.16	59.68	32.41	Nb₂Ni
E	2.93	2.30	1.47	1.88	89.10	2.32	Nb(s,s)
F	3.87	2.63	2.94	6.22	53.97	30.37	(Nb,Ta)₂Ni

Position	Hf	Zr	Ti	Ta	Nb	Ni	Possible phase
A	6.74	4.63	3.17	4.45	12.47	68.54	Ni₃(Nb,Ta)
B	3.82	2.12	2.65	1.27	20.08	70.06	Ni₃Nb
C	1.76	2.30	0.53	0.59	61.46	33.36	Nb₂Ni
D	2.36	2.57	1.57	1.02	49.86	42.62	NbNi
E	2.42	1.48	1.46	0.92	23.63	70.09	Ni₃Nb