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Research Article | Open Access

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Acalypha indica Plant Extract and Their Approach towards Multifunctional Applications

Deptartment of Chemistry, Sri Venkateshwara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
DST-PURSE Centre, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Abstract

In the present study, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by using Acalypha indica (AI) plant aqueous extract, which is used as a reducing and capping agent. The surface plasma resonance of AI-AgNPs was obtained at 436 nm by the ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrum, which confirmed the formation of AI-AgNPs. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer studies revealed that phenolic and carbonyl groups are involved in the reduction of Ag+ to Ag. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrograph reveals that the size of green synthesized AI-AgNPs was obtained in the range of 18.7 with spherical morphology. The negative zeta potential of –16.1 mV of AI-AgNPs indicates the surface charge of the AI-AgNPs as negative the colloidal formulation is moderately stable. The current investigation additionally encompasses the demonstration of the potent antimicrobial efficacy of AI-AgNPs against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Furthermore, the study involves subjecting the green synthesized AI-AgNPs to assessments of antioxidant activity using, NO, and H2O2 methodologies, anti-cancer studies, DNA binding studies, and photocatalytic dye degradation.

Keywords

green synthesisFourier transform infrared (FTIR)scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX)TEM-selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and biomedical and catalytic applications.

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Nano Biomedicine and Engineering
Volume 16 Issue 4,
December 2024
Pages 665-676
DOI: 10.26599/NBE.2024.9290064
Cite this article:
Sakaray V, Rao YS, Naidu NV. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Acalypha indica Plant Extract and Their Approach towards Multifunctional Applications. Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, 2024, 16(4): 665-676. https://doi.org/10.26599/NBE.2024.9290064
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Antimicrobial activity of AI extract and green synthesised AI-AgNPs

Nanoparticle/test compoundZone of inhibition against the test pathogen (mm)
Escherichia coliSalmonella typhiStaphylococcus aureusStreptococcus Pyogenes
AI-extract (25,50,75,100 μg)No ZOINo ZOINo ZOINo ZOI
AI-AgNPs
25 μg6 ± 0.19 ± 0.110 ± 0.28 ± 0.1
50 μg8 ± 0.210 ± 0.112 ± 0.111 ± 0.2
75 μg9 ± 0.113 ± 0.215 ± 0.113 ± 0.1
100 μg10 ± 0.216 ± 0.220 ± 0.215 ± 0.2
Gentamicin (standard 10 μg)28 ± 0.120 ± 0.125 ± 0.122 ± 0.2

Antioxidant activities of green synthesized AI-AgNPs

DPPH antioxidant activity (%)
Compound (μg)255075100
AI-AgNPs37.2 ± 3.438.73 ± 3.839.59 ± 3.2041.61 ± 3.66
Ascorbic acid34.18 ± 3.447.24 ± 4.2658.4 ± 4.8080.36 ± 6.75
IC50 of AI-AgNPs is 90.12 μg; IC50 of ascorbic acid is 52.92 μg.
H2O2 antioxidant activity (%)
Compound (μg)255075100
AI-AgNPs33.5 ± 2.835.46 ± 3.537.48 ± 3.4040.52 ± 3.18
Ascorbic acid38.56 ± 3.6446.35 ± 4.2455.55 ± 4.6072.34 ± 6.50
IC50 of AI-AgNPs is 123.39 μg; IC50 of ascorbic acid is 53.93 μg.
NO antioxidant activity (%)
Compound (μg)255075100
AI-AgNPs28.8 ± 2.533.57 ± 3.2237.56 ± 3.2039.44 ± 2.80
Ascorbic acid35.50 ± 3.4445.32 ± 4.1457.45 ± 4.0675.44 ± 4.24
IC50 of AI-AgNPs is 126.77 μg; IC50 of ascorbic acid is 55.16 μg.

Anticancer activity of green synthesized AI-AgNPs

Sl No.Sample nameIC50 (µg)
MCF 7A549
1AI-AgNPs—107.13
2Cisplatin (µmol/L)6.36 ± 0.31713.45 ± 0.084

Percentage of cell viability of green synthesized AI-AgNPs at different contents

Sl No.Contents (µg)Viability (%)
1597.07
21093
32584.04
45071.5
510055.05

ctDNA binding studies of green synthesised AI-AgNPs at various doses

Sl No.ctDNA (µL)AI-AgNPs (µL)Tris buffer (µL)A0/( A – A0)
10.51039.51.187
2110390.854
3210380.712
4310370.775

Presents the percentage of degradation of cotton blue dye with AI-AgNPs at different time intervals

Sl No.Time (min)Absorbance at 595 nmPercentage of dye degradation (%)
1Co0.145—
2C20.1375.51
3C40.1338.27
4C120.09534.48
5C220.09335.86
61 day0.05164.82