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This study describes the preparation of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites reinforced with various loadings (0 wt.%, 1.2 wt.%, 2.4 wt.%, and 3.6 wt.%) of indium oxide (In2O3) using solution casting. Fourier-transformation infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the structural characteristics of the nanocomposite and confirm the physical interactions between In2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) and the PMMA matrix. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the nanocomposite surface and showed that the In2O3 NPs were distributed and homogenous through the PMMA matrix. An increase in the ratio of In2O3 NPs in the PMMA changed the optical characteristics with an increase in the absorbance, absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and real and imaginary dielectric constants and a decrease in the transmittance and indirect energy gap. The absorption coefficient was < 104 cm−1, confirming the indirect electron transition. The antibacterial effect of PMMA/In2O3 films were examined against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli and demonstrated an increase in inhibition zone diameter with an increase in In2O3 NP content. Thus, the PMMA/In2O3 nanocomposite exhibited antibacterial activity.
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