This study describes a method for solution casting of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) reinforced with 0 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 3 wt.%, and 5 wt.% zinc selenide (ZnSe). After production, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the nanocomposite surfaces, and thus confirmed the constant dispersion of ZnSe nanoparticles (NPs) within PVP. Subsequent Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that the ZnSe NPs and PVP matrix interacted physically. Analysis of the optical properties of PVP–ZnSe nanocomposites showed that increased ZnSe NPs concentration in the PVP solution increased absorbance and decreased transmittance. Further integration of ZnSe NPs at a concentration of 6 wt.% within the PVP–ZnSe nanocomposite resulted in a decrease in the energy gap. Specifically, we observed a decrease in the energy gap from 4 to 3.1 eV for the allowed indirect transition and from 3.94 to 2.9 eV for the forbidden indirect transition. Overall, the weight percentage of ZnSe NPs demonstrates a direct relationship with their absorption factor, extinction factor, index of refraction, real and imaginary components of dielectric constants, and optical conductivity. These results indicate that PVP–ZnSe nanocomposites possess exceptional optical capabilities, and may be suitable for use in photodetector applications, especially as ultraviolet (UV) detectors.

This study describes the preparation of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites reinforced with various loadings (0 wt.%, 1.2 wt.%, 2.4 wt.%, and 3.6 wt.%) of indium oxide (In₂O₃) using solution casting. Fourier-transformation infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the structural characteristics of the nanocomposite and confirm the physical interactions between In₂O₃ nanoparticles (NPs) and the PMMA matrix. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the nanocomposite surface and showed that the In₂O₃ NPs were distributed and homogenous through the PMMA matrix. An increase in the ratio of In₂O₃ NPs in the PMMA changed the optical characteristics with an increase in the absorbance, absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and real and imaginary dielectric constants and a decrease in the transmittance and indirect energy gap. The absorption coefficient was < 10⁴ cm⁻¹, confirming the indirect electron transition. The antibacterial effect of PMMA/In₂O₃ films were examined against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli and demonstrated an increase in inhibition zone diameter with an increase in In₂O₃ NP content. Thus, the PMMA/In₂O₃ nanocomposite exhibited antibacterial activity.

In this work, By using the laser ablation technique (PLAL) to fabricate novel PMMA/G/Ag nanocomposites with less laser energy and short time ablation and study the structural, morphological and optical properties. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that the GNPs and AgNPs in the PMMA matrix have a crystallite size increased with increasing the pulse number. Also, the SEM images confirm the homogeneous distribution of the GNPs and AgNPs in the PMMA matrix and the sizes of particles in the nanoscale. Additionally, the link between GNPs and AgNPs in the polymer matrix has been confirmed by the FTIR. Moreover, UV-VIS spectroscopy was studied and confirm the nanocomposite has optical properties with the presence of the polymer as a host and calculating the optical energy gap. For that, this novel nanocomposite with these properties promising for many applications. Finally, the study proved that the PLAL is very suitable for decorated graphene and metal on the polymer matrix with lower pulse laser energy and short ablation time.

Strain sensors have spread at present times, and their electrical resistance has been interpreted. In reality, the use of strain sensors has broadened the reach of technology and allowed us to track changes in the environment in various ways. In recent years, due to their distinctive properties, films based on advanced carbon nanomaterials have started applying sophistication sensing. The strength of the tailored material has been obtained in addition to the various functions applied to these nanomaterials due to the particular structure of the nanomaterials. A prime catalyst for developing nanoscale sensors was this excellent feature. Carbon nanomaterials-based films have been increasing widely due to the excellent properties of nanocomposite-based films for sensing applications (piezoelectric application). There is also an instinctive structure of nanomaterials so that the material is high. Carbon nanomaterials such as graphene are now an excellent alternative for the production of sensors for thermal, electric and mechanical reading.

In this work, zinc oxide (ZnO) and Al-doped ZnO (0.002, 0.004, and 0.006 wt.%) thin films were prepared by thermal evaporation technique with the thickness of about 125 nm. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the prepared films were crystalline with a hexagonal wurtzite structure and preferential orientation in the (002) direction. The crystallite size increased with the increasing of Al doping. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed that the films grown by this technique had a good homogeneous surface. The roughness average, root mean square value, and the average grain diameter increased with the increasing of Al doping. The optical properties results showed that the transmittance increased with the increasing of Al doping, while the absorbance decreased. The pure and Al-doped ZnO thin films allowed direct energy gap (E_g) that was increased from 3.50 to 3.80 eV with the increasing of Al doping. The electrical properties of the films were studied, and it was found that all the prepared thin films were n-type and the mobility (μ) decreased with the increasing of Al doping. Current–voltage (I-V) characteristics showed that the highest efficiency was 3.64% with V_oc as of 2.8 V, I_sc as of 3.5 mA/cm² and F.F of 0.371 at the intensity of P =100 mW/cm²..