Journal of Dairy Science and Technology is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of dairy science. The journal is currently published bimonthly and is available to readers both domestically and internationally.

1. Scope of Published Articles

1.1 This journal publishes original research papers and reviews in the field of dairy science that have not been previously published. Research papers must demonstrate innovation and have complete and substantial content; thematic discussions should focus on the latest research hotspots and trends in the food sector, showing strong foresight and guidance. We welcome papers that are highly innovative, possess significant academic value, and can engage a broad interest. Manuscripts should be scientific, advanced, readable, with reliable evidence, clear arguments, credible and reproducible experimental results. The journal covers a wide range of topics, including but not limited to: fundamental research, food engineering, nutrition and health, packaging and storage, thematic discussions, food chemistry, bioengineering, component analysis, and safety testing. Related subjects also include food chemistry, food microbiology, food biochemistry, food nutrition, food quality and safety, food engineering technology, food biotechnology, food immunology, food enzymology, food processing and packaging, postharvest physiology of fruits and vegetables, and preservation and storage.

1.2 The journal does not accept papers on tobacco, non-food-grade traditional Chinese medicine, food machinery design, culinary arts, pure medical research, pharmacology, mathematical derivations, or papers using functional extracts without clearly defined functional components for experimental studies such as antibacterial, antioxidant, or animal experiments. Reviews that are simply rewritten from project proposals, lists of processes, or do not represent China's food characteristics in English are also not accepted. Papers that merely introduce simple technological processes, investigation reports, market analysis, consumer behavior analysis, functional or toxicological experiments using specific commercial products, educational reform papers, or those that are under patent application and unwilling to disclose experimental formulations are also not accepted. Generally, articles focusing on simple process optimization are no longer suitable for this journal.

1.3 In addition to academic quality, the writing quality of the papers is also an important criterion for assessing the quality of submissions. Low-quality writing can directly impact readers' recognition and citation of the article. Manuscripts with poor writing quality will not be accepted.

2. Copyright and Academic Standards

2.1 Authors submitting manuscripts must concurrently transfer copyright (including all forms of media and contents) to the editorial office and comply with academic norms and guidelines. It is essential to avoid multiple submissions, plagiarism, and ensure adherence to the editorial office's copyright transfer agreement and academic integrity commitments. Authors must download the "Copyright Transfer Agreement" document under the "Author Submission" section on the Journal of Dairy Science and Technology website (http://www.chnfood.cn/), sign and stamp it, and then upload it in the submission system.

2.2 All authors listed on a manuscript must have made substantial contributions to the work presented and take responsibility for the article. It is strictly prohibited to include individuals unrelated to the paper as authors. Should there be a genuine need to amend author names or affiliations after submission due to errors in the manuscript, authors must provide a reasonable explanation for the change (including reasons for the change, original authors, and signatures of any additional authors, along with the official stamp of the first author or corresponding author's institution). Changes will only be made for justified reasons; therefore, authors should carefully consider authorship and affiliation details prior to submission.

2.3 Before submission, authors must ensure that all co-authors are informed and agree on the authorship and order of authorship, and all listed authors must thoroughly review the entire manuscript to confirm the accuracy and reliability of the results to avoid academic misconduct.

2.4 The journal particularly states that it does not accept multiple submissions or duplicate manuscripts. The information and academic results reflected in the paper must be original to the authors and unpublished; manuscripts that have been published as conference papers, theses, or patents elsewhere, or those translated from previous foreign language publications are also not accepted. Once a manuscript is accepted, it will be published in relevant online media and in the print journal, with a one-time payment for the manuscript fees upon publication. If authors do not agree with this, they should declare this to the editorial office at the time of submission. Additionally, we have established a text plagiarism detection system. Manuscripts with a similarity index exceeding 20% will not be accepted.

3. Submission Requirements

The editorial office does not accept paper submissions. Authors must upload the electronic manuscript in WORD (.doc) format through the journal's website. Research papers should generally be no fewer than 7,000 words and no more than 15,000 words. Review papers should be no fewer than 10,000 words and no more than 25,000 words. For writing requirements, please refer to the submission writing template of the Food Science. Manuscripts that do not meet these requirements will be returned. Since January 1, 2013, we have implemented a paperless editing and review process; during the "author proofing" stage, please annotate and mark modifications on the PDF proof provided by the editorial office. Authors should not alter the content of the PDF with editing software. Submissions without annotations or marked symbols will hinder the identification of necessary changes by the typesetting staff.

3.1 Innovative Points and Supplementary Materials

When submitting, authors should pay attention to upload an attachment describing the innovative points and value of the article in the submission system. They should succinctly highlight the main innovations of their paper for the editor-in-chief to accurately evaluate their submission. Do not write this introduction at the beginning or end of the WORD document; during external review, the editorial office will remove this section. Please upload it as an attachment or alongside supplementary materials in a compressed file format.

Supplementary materials are supplementary or supportive materials directly related to the main content of the paper and will be published online alongside the main text. These can include appendices, tables, figures, videos, audio files, data, programs, etc. The journal encourages authors to submit video format supplementary materials, which could be short videos of the research process (within 3 minutes) or video summaries explaining the PPT (within 5 minutes) to enhance the transparency of the research and help readers better understand the article’s content and delve into the original text. Supplementary materials should be numbered in the order they are referenced in the main text (for example, Appendix 1, Figure 1, etc.) and uploaded in a compressed file format.

3.2 Funding Projects

Funding projects refer to the financial backgrounds supporting the production of the article. Project names should be filled in according to the formal names provided by the relevant national departments, along with project numbers. Standard formats for commonly recognized funding projects can be found in the "Commonly Recognized Funding Project Formats" hyperlink.

3.3 Chinese and English Titles, Author Names, and Affiliations

Titles should be concise, specific, and accurately summarize the main theme of the text, ideally within 20 Chinese characters, aligning with cataloging, indexing, and retrieval principles, which aids in selecting keywords. Avoid using abbreviations or acronyms that are not recognized within the scientific community. It is recommended to use clearly articulated titles instead of vague ones.

The English title should generally not exceed 10 lexical words. The title typically does not include definite articles "the" or indefinite articles "a" or "an," and should minimize the use of "study on" and "study of," avoiding abbreviations. The journal standardizes that the first letter of significant words in the English title is capitalized, while articles, prepositions, and conjunctions are lowercase, and Latin names and proper nouns follow their specified case formats.

All papers must have author names; foreign authors should provide their full names in English, without abbreviations, respecting the naming conventions of their countries, while ethnic minority authors should list their names according to their cultural practices.

The author affiliation shall be the official full name and must match the name provided by the legal or institutional entity. Please also specify the province and city (for non-direct-controlled municipalities) or just the city (for direct-controlled municipalities), along with the postal code; for foreign institutions, please indicate the country, city, and postal code (if no postal code exists, leave it out). English author affiliations should ideally follow the format used on their websites to facilitate retrieval, listing included organizations first followed by larger organizations. For example, "College of Life Science, Nanjing University" for "南京大学生命科学学院."

3.4 Abstract and Keywords

The Chinese abstract should conform to GB 6447—1986 "Rules for Writing Abstracts," without figures, tables, mathematical formulas, chemical structure diagrams, or non-commonly known symbols, terms, and abbreviations. For experimental papers, it should be written as a report-style abstract, consisting of at least four complete sentences covering the purpose, methods, results, and conclusions (all four elements must be included). If background information is essential, it can be briefly introduced in one sentence. Review papers should have descriptive abstracts (generally starting with a brief introduction to relevant background knowledge, followed by an explanation of the review's content, methods, and purpose). The abstract should be written in the third person, avoiding the use of words like "this paper" or "the author." It must be self-sufficient and self-explanatory, summarizing the main information without needing to read the entire paper, and should not repeat the title. It should provide key information or data for retrieval. All referenced content must be included in the main text and consistent with the data therein. First occurrences of English abbreviations in the abstract must follow the format of "Chinese name (English full name, English abbreviation)." A reporting abstract should be around 300 words, while a descriptive abstract should be around 100 words; a hybrid reporting-descriptive abstract should be around 200 words.

The English abstract should correspond to the Chinese abstract (data involved must be consistent). The abstract for experimental papers should contain at least the four sections: Purpose, Methods, Results, Conclusions, comprising 200-350 lexical words without paragraph divisions. Sections on Methods and Results should generally be written in the past tense, sentences should not start with Arabic numerals, and numbers may be expressed in English numerals when necessary. First occurrences of acronyms must include their full terms, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS); Latin genus and species names of microorganisms and plants should be in italics. It is particularly important to use professional terms correctly (e.g., rat for "大鼠," mouse for "小鼠") and express numbers accurately (e.g., data are shown...). Regarding quantities, magnitudes, multiples, percentages, and fractions, proper expressions should be employed. It is advisable to use simple sentences as much as possible, avoiding complex sentences.

Please list 3 to 8 keywords, selecting them according to GB/T 3860—1995 "Guidelines for Indexing Literature," referencing various vocabularies and reference books. Important terms from new disciplines or technologies not included in standard thesaurus may also be listed, but priority should be given to terms recognized in thematic vocabulary. Select precise keywords that reflect the primary content characteristics of the article, as this will help more colleagues to search for and cite your article. The English keywords should correspond one-to-one with the Chinese keywords.

3.5 Introduction

The introduction should include the background of the study, which consists of a brief overview of the research topic in new fields, a description of existing research results both domestically and internationally, and the current gaps within the scope of this study. It should state the necessity for further research, followed by a concise presentation of the objectives, significance, innovation, key methodologies, and scope of this research. The introduction must be direct and succinct, avoiding redundancy with the abstract or serving as a footnote to it, and it should refrain from introducing common knowledge. The background discussion should be limited to relevant content, not extending too far afield, and should not inappropriately elaborate on previous work. It’s unnecessary to discuss the conclusions reached in this research within the introduction, as they have already been covered in the "Conclusion" and "Abstract" sections. The introduction may outline the research purpose, methods, plans, and significance, for example: "This study aims to extract volatile oils from... using simultaneous distillation extraction apparatus and analyze their chemical components using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), providing experimental support for the research and development of this medicinal resource." Furthermore, it is advisable to avoid self-aggrandizing statements such as "this research has reached a leading domestic or international level, proposing for the first time..." unless substantial evidence supports such claims.

3.6 Materials and Methods

3.6.1 Materials, Reagents, and Instrumentation

The purpose of introducing the main experimental materials, reagents, and instruments is to eliminate uncertainties related to the selection of materials that may affect experimental results, ensuring that others can replicate your experiments and that readers can procure the necessary materials. Therefore, the description should focus on this aspect; for ordinary reagents, it's sufficient to mention their purity (as different purities can influence experimental results). For specialized reagents, it's necessary to indicate the manufacturer, and sometimes even the specific batch numbers from a series of products (as other manufacturers might not offer the equivalent products). For known compounds, authors should provide information on their source or synthesis methods, along with corresponding references to replace experimental steps. Materials should be indicated with their points of purchase or places of origin. The names of the instruments used should include model numbers followed by the manufacturer, with necessary and key accessories and conditions noted.

Particular attention should be paid to biological experimental materials, which must be accompanied by their formal Latin names (as common names vary by region and can lead to misunderstanding). For samples collected from laboratories, details such as collection time or growth stage, geographical origin, and specific characteristics should be specified (some plant materials need to clarify which part was used: root, stem, leaf, fruit, or the whole plant?). Preservation and processing methods should also be detailed. If purchasing Chinese medicinal materials, provide the Latin names (Chinese medicinal materials have specialized Latin designations), along with the manufacturer's name and the medicinal parts used. It is recommended to verify the Latin names of plant materials using the "Chinese Plant Species Information Database" at http://db.kib.ac.cn/eflora/default.aspx.

3.6.2  Experimental Methods

The experimental methods should clearly describe the experimental conditions, the samples and reagents used, and the parameter settings of the measuring instruments. If referencing the methods of other studies, please cite the relevant literature and note any alterations made to ensure that others can replicate your work. It is crucial to keep the description of conventional experimental methods concise and clear, avoiding unnecessary details about less significant principles and not excessively detailing operational steps. If the analysis involves calculations, please specify the methods used and provide the relevant formulas to facilitate readers' understanding of how the results were derived.

Our journal requires that the fundamental experimental conditions for orthogonal or response surface testing must have proper citations; they cannot simply be summarized in one sentence. This necessitates the design of single-factor experiments (noting the levels of the variable factors and the fixed factors) along with result analysis, or, if prior single-factor experiments related to the specific research subject have been conducted, appropriate citations of that literature must be provided.

3.7 Results and Analysis

The results and analysis section should be concise, clear, organized, and well-structured. The analysis must be backed by graphical and tabular data, and the conclusions drawn should align with the results displayed in the graphs and tables. The analytical section is recommended to include: what the results imply; appropriate, in-depth, and sufficient theoretical analysis and explanation; linking the results back to the previously stated research objectives or hypotheses and clarifying the importance of the results; and comparing the results with existing theories or experimental findings.

3.8 Conclusions (or Discussion)

The conclusion summarizes the main results and key points of the article without merely repeating the summaries from each section. Conclusions should be accurate, concise, complete, and well-organized; they should objectively encapsulate the content of the article without extending beyond the experimental content. If conclusions cannot be definitively drawn, it may be appropriate to forgo a "Conclusion" section in favor of a necessary discussion. The conclusions should evaluate and analyze the errors observed in the results based on the findings and discussions, while also addressing existing issues and prospects for future problem-solving. Please avoid reiterating the background and significance found in the abstract and introduction. The conclusions (or discussion) should primarily answer what the research has revealed and should be based on phenomena, data, and analyses obtained from the experiments or investigations, clearly and succinctly indicating: 1) the principles revealed by the results obtained from the study or experiments and their generalizability; 2) whether any exceptions were discovered in the research or whether any issues remain unexplained or unresolved; 3) similarities and differences compared to previously published works (both from other researchers and the authors themselves); 4) the theoretical and practical significance and value of this paper; 5) suggestions for further in-depth research on this topic (but self-evaluations of the authors' own research are not recommended).

3.9  Legal Measurement Units and Names

Our journal requires strict adherence to national standard legal measurement units, quantity names, and symbols in manuscript writing. Please avoid using obsolete physical quantities and units (e.g., atomic mass unit "amu" or "Da" should be replaced with "u", "ppm" should be "10^-6", "rpm" should be "r/min" or replaced with "×g", and viscosity units "RVA", "cP" should be "Pa·s"). Physical quantity symbols should be italicized while unit symbols should be in upright font, and legal measurement units should be used.

The term "concentration" should not be misused: it is a shorthand for substance quantity concentration, with units being mol/m³ or mol/L. Units expressed in g/L should be referred to as mass concentration; units expressed as a percentage of mass (volume) concentration should refer to mass (volume) fraction; and units of mol/kg should be termed the mass molar concentration of solute B. For situations involving "concentration is XX%", please specify whether it is mass concentration or mass (volume) fraction.

Caution should be exercised in using “content”: Content is not a physical quantity and its meaning is ambiguous; on product labels, "content" refers to mass or volume; in scientific literature, "content" encompasses various quantities related to the composition of a mixture, such as mass fraction, volume fraction, and mass concentration.

It is important to distinguish between "mass and weight": Mass and weight are two different quantities, with the former measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg) and the latter in Newtons (N). Due to historical reasons, these have often been confused. In daily life and trade among the populace, mass is still commonly referred to as weight, but national standards do not endorse this practice, particularly in scientific contexts where a clear distinction between mass and weight should be made.

Exercise caution in using “%”: Beware that ratios between quantities of different dimensions should not be expressed as “%” (for example, expressing 1 g of solid reagent dissolved in 100 mL of solvent incorrectly as 1% should be reformulated to reflect mass concentration in g/L or g/100 mL).

3.10  Formatting Rules for Italics and Upright Letters in Scientific Papers

3.10.1  Upright Foreign Letters

• Variables and general functions represented by letters, such as a + b = c, ΔABC, AB, f(x), etc.
• Symbols for physical quantities and subscripts representing physical quantities and varying numbers, such as V (volume), m (mass), c (concentration), I (current), k (Boltzmann constant), l (length), t (time), E (energy), etc.
• Dimensionless parameter symbols, such as Re (Reynolds number), Eu (Euler number), Fo (Fourier number), We (Weber number), Al (Alfven number), Sc (Schmidt number), etc.
• Latin names in biology for genera and below, such as Myrica rubra (waxberry), Sciurus vulgaris (squirrel), etc.
• Gene symbols are italicized; specific naming rules should refer to the "TIG Genetic Nomenclature Guidelines," with the first letter of restriction enzymes capitalized and the next two letters lowercase, all in italics.
• Symbols in chemistry indicating optical activity, configuration, and positions of substituents, such as d- (dextrorotatory), l- (levorotatory), trans- (trans), as- (asymmetric), iso- (isomer), o- (ortho), p- (para), m- (meta), threo- (threo), erythro- (erythro), etc.
• Statistical symbols, such as P (probability), mean ± standard deviation, etc.
• Terms derived from Latin that are italicized, such as in vivo (in the living body), in vitro (in the glass), etc.

3.11 Statistical Analysis and Rounding Rules for Experimental Data

This journal requires that research papers involving repeated experiments meet the requirements of experimental design regarding the number of repetitions. Statistical analysis of the experimental results must be conducted, and the data representation must comply with the rounding rules specified in GB/T 8170—2008, retaining appropriate and consistent significant figures. Sampling methods and sample sizes related to statistical research must adhere to statistical standards. Correct usage of statistical symbols is expected; this journal uses symbols such as probability (P) and mean ± standard deviation (¯x ± s), etc.

3.12 Standardized Use of Scientific Terminology

Please visit the official website of the "National Committee for the Standardization of Scientific and Technical Terms" at http://www.cnctst.gov.cn/ to check the standardized usage of scientific terms in both Chinese and English related to your paper. Common terminology errors in our submissions include: "粘度" should be "黏度" (viscosity), "驰豫" should be "弛豫" (relaxation), "羟基自由基" should be "羟自由基" (hydroxyl radical), "甘油三脂" should be "甘油三酯" (triglycerides), "肝糖元" should be "肝糖原" (glycogen), etc.

3.13 Illustrations, Photographs, and Tables

Illustrations must be inserted in suitable locations and numbered in Arabic numerals in the order they appear in the manuscript. Figures in the paper (including coordinate scales, scale values, legends, coordinate titles, and units) must be accurate, clear, and identifiable to facilitate review and typesetting. Figures should be selective and self-explanatory, avoiding redundancy with tables and text. Each figure (abbreviated as Fig.) should include both Chinese and English captions placed below the figure, following the same formatting as table titles. Figure legends should be located between the image and its caption; if there are subfigures, they should be labeled as (a), (b), (c), etc. Authors are encouraged to provide figures in their original file formats, preferably created with professional graphic software (such as Origin), ensuring clean, uniform lines, and clear demarcation between solid and dashed lines, with complete accuracy. Images should be inserted as little as possible. For functions and spectra, please provide black and white vector graphics (such as molecular structures from ChemWindow or graphs produced in Origin) or bitmaps (with a resolution of 600dpi), avoiding grayscale or color images whenever possible. In chromatograms, especially in the total ion current chromatogram, peak numbers should be labeled and correspond with those in the accompanying tables.

Photographs must be clear and distinguishable, and any relevant textual information (such as magnification for electron micrographs) should be complete and clear. Each band in electrophoresis images should be clearly distinguishable from the background, with corresponding data accurately labeled. If authors truly require color images, they may consult the editorial office to discuss additional publication fees; pages containing images may be printed in color.

Tables should follow a three-line format (auxiliary lines may be added if necessary) and placed at the appropriate location within the main text; if all units in the table are consistent, the unit should be positioned in the upper right corner of the table. Text in figures and tables should be in Chinese, and the physical quantities and units in figure axes and table headers should be marked in the format "Physical Quantity Name/Unit." The names and units of physical quantities appearing in figures and tables must be consistent with those in the main text.

3.14 Formulas

Formulas in the article should be consecutively numbered in Arabic numerals, enclosed in parentheses and placed to the right of the formula. Physical quantities involved in the formulas should be represented using symbols regulated by the national standards (with correct use of italics) and accompanied by explanations of the specific meanings of the symbols used in the formulas.

3.15 References

Our journal requires that references be cited according to GB/T 7714—2015 “Rules for Citing References in the Postscript.” We adopt a "sequential numbering" system rather than an "author-year" system; therefore, references should be numbered in the order they are cited and marked with superscripts in the main text. The same reference cited multiple times should not be renumbered. References must be publicly published works, and cited details must be complete. Authors must strictly follow the formatting guidelines in the "Submission Writing Template for Food Science" when citing references.

Additional Requirements:

1) Number of references: Regular research papers should include about 30 references, with no fewer than 25, while review papers should have no less than 50 references. It is recommended that in research and review papers, at least half of the references be from the past five years, and no fewer than 8 references should be foreign language literature.

2) References should be works that the authors have actually read; citing references that have not been read, especially through secondary or multiple citations, is not acceptable.

3) It is recommended that authors prioritize referencing literature from journals with high impact factors.

4) A small number of references may indicate that the author has conducted limited research on the relevant field, which could directly affect the effectiveness of the analysis and discussion of the paper's results; therefore, it is advisable to review more literature during the writing process.

4. Other Information

4.1 When submitting manuscripts through the online submission system, after uploading your manuscript, please be sure to click "Submit Now." Otherwise, the manuscript will remain in your drafts, and the editorial office will not be able to register it. English manuscripts are accepted; when submitting, please include the Chinese title, abstract, and keywords.

4.2 Manuscript submissions must be made through the online editing system. Please log on to our journal's website and click on "Author Submission" to register and submit your manuscript. During the review stage, to check the status of your manuscript, please log on to the website and click on "Author Manuscript Tracking." If the article requires revisions, please click on "Submit Revised Manuscript" from the manuscript tracking, but note that revised manuscripts can only be submitted when the manuscript is in the "under revision" stage.

4.3 Generally, an article must undergo initial review, peer review, final review, and re-evaluation through the editorial office after submission, which typically takes about 2 to 3 months.

4.4 Authors should carefully fill in their information, including contact details and phone numbers, when submitting. During registration, all author information should be entered into the editing system to facilitate timely communication between the editorial office and the authors.

4.5 If an article passes the initial review and is sent for external review, the journal will charge an appropriate manuscript handling fee. Upon formal acceptance of the article, the journal will charge an appropriate publication fee and also remunerate the authors. Specific details will be provided in the online notification after the article is accepted.

4.6 Authors must retain their own copies and electronic files. If the manuscript does not pass the final review and is rejected, the author may handle it as they see fit.

4.7 Only manuscripts that pass the initial review and are sent for expert external review will be notified to pay the manuscript handling fee. Manuscripts that are directly rejected after initial review do not require payment.

4.8 Please do not use ATM machines for cash deposits without a card, as the source of funds will not be displayed, and we will be unable to confirm the payment.

5. Contact Information

Mailing Address: Editorial Office of "Food Science," China Food Magazine, No. 70 Yangqiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100068, China

E-mail: dairyst@126.com

Phone: 010-83155446/47/48/49/50 

Fax: 010-83155436 

QQ Consultation: 761562910, 776147124, 745207838, 718516940, 490012983, 428163330, 227340621 

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