In the past two decades, the field of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has flourished and many rational strategies have been reported for the successful construction of SERS substrates. However, it still lacks the mass-production and programmability for practical applications with arbitrary configurations, and it is highly desirable to develop SERS substrates with strong signal enhancement, large-scale surface area, easy fabrication and low cost. Herein, we demonstrate a large-area fabrication (1.5 m × 5 m) of low-cost (18.8 dollars per square meter), highly sensitive, flexible and transparent SERS substrate by a simple solution process. The high sensitivity of SERS substrate using 3, 3'-diethylthiatricarbocyanine iodide (DTTCI) as probe molecules is strongly dependent on the density and diameter of gold nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of nylon mesh with the best enhancement factor (EF) of 9.17 × 10¹⁰ and the SERS detection limit of DTTCI molecules is as low as 10^-14 M which shows no obvious degradation even after 10, 000 cycles of fatigue test, high temperature (above than 160 ℃) and acid-alkali treatment, indicating their excellent stability for the performance in all climates.

Nanowire devices have attracted considerable attention because of their unique structure and novel properties, and have opened up significant development opportunities. However, not many studies have focused on their stability and durability under practical conditions, which limits the rapid development of real applications. Herein, we systematically investigate three different treatments, polymer coating, inert atmosphere protection, and thickness-induced self-protection, to protect the tellurium nanowire devices from oxidation when exposed to open air. The degree of oxidation was monitored by examining changes in the valence states of tellurium element and in the morphology of the nanowires. After the protective treatments, the tellurium nanowire devices showed improved stability and remained stable even after 800 days of storage. This work highlights the importance of investigating the stability of nanowire devices, especially for their practical applications.