Neuroinflammation, commonly associated with various central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), is primarily mediated by the disruption of biological signals in microglia. However, the effective treatment of CNS diseases remains an ongoing challenge as biological signals show limited microglia-targeting effect. In this study, taking advantage of the highly expressed lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) on the microglia, a nanobiosignal delivery system modified by LRP1 high-affinity peptide ligand RAP12 (RAP: receptor-associated protein) was constructed to specifically regulate neuroinflammation via targeting microglia. The uptake of the RAP12 modified-nanobiosignaler by microglia increased significantly, indicating its microglia-targeting ability. Both in vitro/vivo studies proved that the “nanobiosignaler” significantly reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, induced specific M2 (anti-inflammatory type) microglia differentiation, and remarkably alleviated cognitive function impairment in the mice model when compared with unmodified groups. It was indicated that the “nanobiosignaler” could target microglia to deliver the biological signal and inhibit the excessive activation of microglia. Overall, the cell-targeted biological signal transmission system inspired by “nanobiosignaler” has broad application prospects in the future.

Drug-eluting stent (DES) is a promising strategy for esophageal cancer. However, full-covered drug-loaded stents cause damage to non-tumor tissue in the esophagus, and the development controlled-release system to prevent non-tumor tissue injure is currently a major challenge. Here, in situ mineralized manganese dioxide coating on Ce6 embedded electrospun fibers covered stent was developed for effective tumor therapy via intraluminal photodynamic therapy (PDT), which could reduce phototoxicity to normal esophageal tissue. Oxidation of manganese ions, which was previously swelled between fibers, was used to accomplish mineralization. After implantation, the manganese dioxide coating in situ reacts with tumor endogenous H⁺ and H₂O₂, which, on the one hand, could effectively alleviate the hypoxic microenvironment which leads to resistance to PDT, and on the other hand, could expose the Ce6-fibers below the coating for intraluminal PDT. In addition, due to the slow degradation of the coating, this stent could own sustained photodynamic performance for up to one month. Notably, the PDT efficiency of the stent was investigated on orthotopic rabbit esophageal cancer models. Overall, this work suggests that in situ mineralized manganese dioxide coated electrospun fibers covered stent may provide a new strategy for advanced esophageal cancer patients as a functional drug delivery platform.