Black phosphorus (BP) has attracted significant attention owing to its unique structure and preeminent photoelectric properties, which can be utilized to create novel junctions. Based on different BP-based junctions, versatile optoelectronic devices have been fabricated and investigated in recent years, providing a fertile library for the characteristics of BP-based junctions and their optoelectronic applications. This review summarizes diverse BP-based junctions and their optoelectronic device applications. We firstly introduce the structure and properties of BP. Then, we emphatically describe the formation, properties, and optoelectronic device applications of the BP-based junctions including heterojunctions of BP and other two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, BP p–n homojunctions, and BP/metal Schottky junctions. Finally, the challenge and prospect of the development and application of BP-based junctions are discussed. This timely review gives a snapshot of recent research breakthroughs in BP-based junctions and optoelectronic devices based on them, which is expected to provide a comprehensive vision for the potential of BP in the optoelectronic field.