The dynamic characteristics of different airflows on micro-scales have been explored from many perspectives since the late 1970s. On the one hand, most analytical tools and research subjects in previous contributions vary significantly: some only focus on fluctuant velocity features, while others pay attention to directional features. On the other hand, despite the wide variety of existing analytical methods, they are not systematically classified and organized. This paper aims to establish a system including state-of-the-art tools for airflow analysis and to further design a holistic toolkit named Airflow Analytical Toolkit (AAT). The AAT contains two tools, responsible for analyzing the velocity and direction characteristics of airflows, each of which is integrated with multiple analytical modules. To assess the performance of the developed toolkit, we further take typical natural and mechanical winds as cases to show its excellent analytical capability. With the help of this toolkit, the great differences in velocity and directional characteristics among different airflows are identified. The comparative results reveal that not only is the velocity of natural wind more fluctuating than that of mechanical wind, but its incoming flow direction is also more varying. The AAT, serving as a powerful and user-friendly instrument, will hopefully offer great convenience in data analysis and guidance for a deeper understanding of the dynamic characteristics of airflows, and further remedy the gap in airflow analytical tools.

The thermal environment is an essential factor that affects sleep quality. In many circumstances, the bed microenvironment is more important than the ambient environment because of the large covered area of the human body and the close contact between the bedding system and the human body. The main objective of this research is to establish an effective method to determine bedding system insulation. A thermal manikin was used in the measurement of bedding system insulation. Three different types of quilts, which were filled with cotton, polyester and duvet respectively, were chosen to be tested. In total ten different quilts with different materials and weights were involved in the test. Four regular arrangements of covers were chosen with coverage rates of 94.1%, 85.9%, 70.6%, and 54.4% to test. A total of 64 bedding systems were tested to build an effective method to determine the bedding system insulation. On the basis of test data, the change of bedding system insulation with coverage was found to be nonlinear. Exponential fitting was applied to establish an insulation evaluation method for bedding system insulation. In addition, the effects of quilt cover and sleepwear on bedding system insulation were discussed and thermal insulation increment caused by quilt cover and sleepwear were estimated. The relationships between neutral indoor temperature and weight per unit area of the quilt for different coverage rates have been quantified based on existing subject experiments. This research provides an effective method to determine bedding system insulation, which can be widely used in thermal comfort research and HVAC system design.