With the rapid development of wearable electronics, flexible pressure sensors have attracted wide attention in human–computer interaction and intelligent machines. However, it is a challenge to achieve a sensor with high sensitivity, wide measurement range, and wearing comfortability. Here, we develop an oriented electrospinning thermoplastic polyurethane/polyacrylonitrile (TPU/PAN) nanofibers (OETPN) based piezoresistive pressure sensor (PONPS) in which the active layer and the electrode are assembled perpendicularly. The interdigital electrode is fabricated by spraying silver nanowires (AgNWs) on the OETPN through a mask plate. The active layer is composed of OETPN coated with MXene, encapsulated on the electrode by polyurethane (PU) film. The porous structure of nanofibers membrane broadens the measurement range of the sensor. Employing oriented nanofibers as active layer can improve the sensitivity in low pressure, because oriented nanofibers without interweaving nanofibers are more compressible than disordered nanofibers. Electrode prepared using the spraying method creates nanoscale microstructure and increases sensitivity. The perpendicular assembly has greater response between the active layer and the electrode than the parallel assembly to improve the sensitivity. The sensor exhibits high sensitivity (6.71 kPa⁻¹, 0.02–2 kPa) and wide measurement range (0.02–700 kPa). The sensor can detect weak signals such as radial artery. A pressure array constructed precisely represents the distribution of pressure. An intelligent throat is created by combining machine learning algorithms with the PONPS. It can detect and recognize subtle throat vibrations while speaking, achieving recognition accuracy up to 100% using support vector machine (SVM) for five words with different syllables. The fabricated sensor shows promising prospects in personal healthcare and intelligent robots.

Stretchable, skin-conformal, and self-powered wearable pressure sensors have garnered significant attention for use in human joint bending motion monitoring. Here, a piezo-triboelectric pressure sensor (P-TPS) based on triboelectric nanogenerator and piezoelectric nanogenerator is demonstrated. The P-TPS can generate an enhanced electrical output by coupling the dual-mode triboelectrification and piezoelectric effect. The P-TPS shows high sensitivity (voltage = 0.3 V/kPa; current = 4.3 nA/kPa; pressure range = 0–200 kPa), high linearity, and good stability. Furthermore, it demonstrates a wide measurement range (0–800 kPa), table frequency response, and fast response time. Additionally, all components of the P-TPS are fabricated using flexible and stretchable materials, affording satisfactory stretchability and excellent skin conformality. Owing to their ability to self-power, they can be attached to the outside of joints to monitor human joint bending movements in real time. Hence, this study provides a novel method of using a stretchable and skin-conformal piezo-triboelectric nanogenerator with high electrical performance as a self-powered pressure sensor, which offers significant potential in personalized recognition, medical research, and human machine interface.