Cellulose-based antimicrobial composites, typically in the form of functional films and cloth, have received much attention in various applications, such as food, medical and textile industries. Cellulose is a natural polymer, and is highly biodegradable, green, and sustainable. Imparting antimicrobial properties to cellulose, will significantly enhance its applications so that its commercial value can be boosted. In this review paper, the use of cellulose for antimicrobial composites' preparation was discussed. Two different approaches: surface loading/coating and interior embedding, were focused. Three most widely-applied sectors: food, medical and textile industries, were highlighted. Nanocellulose, as a leading-edge cellulose material, its unique application on the antimicrobial composites, was particularly discussed.