Nanocellulose, a kind of cellulose with nanometer sizes, has drawn great interest in the pulp and paper industry due to its unique structure and excellent performance. It can be divided into five categories: nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), bacterial cellulose (BC), electrospun cellulose nanofibers (ESC), and precipitation regenerated cellulose nanofibers (PRC). In this paper, we reviewed the industrialization progress of nanocellulose in China. Furthermore, we proposed that efficient and environmentally friendly preparation methods and high value utilization would be the focus of nanocellulose development.