On the growing clinical demands, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have a vital role due to their infinite physical and chemical properties at the nanoscale. The researchers have started to focus more on the magnetite nanoparticle applications with unique shape and size in various filed such as biomedicine, food and environment to synthesize Fe₃O₄ NP. Here we synthesized SPIONs-Fe₃O₄ NP successfully by co-precipitation technique. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized using suitable analytical tools for structural, morphological, elemental, optical and thermogravimetric analysis. Moreover, the genotoxicity and hemolysis assay test has been carried out to estimate the toxicity of SPIONs-Fe₃O₄ NP at various concentrations. The results found that 25 μg/mL concentration of SPIONs-Fe₃O₄ NP shows good hemocompatibility than other concentrations. The genotoxicity assay was examined in Allium cepa (onion root tips) for chromosomal aberration. Hence, the present study discusses the synthesis characterization, assessing the genotoxicity and hemocompatibility potential for the synthesized Fe₃O₄ NPs.

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the nanomaterials that have been widely used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and biomedical applications which include drug delivery, cancer treatment, biosensors, and genetic engineering. In this study, TiO₂ NPs have been synthesized via hydrothermal method. The samples were calcinated at different temperatures such as 450 and 500 ℃. The structural, functional group, morphological and elemental composition analyses of the synthesized materials were conducted by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and elemental dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Various concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/mL) of synthesized TiO₂ NPs were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against the gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The maximum zone of inhibition was observed in the synthesized TiO₂ NPs (100 μg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus (15 mm), Bacillus Subtilis (16 mm), Escherichia coli (18 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17 mm), and the results indicated that the antimicrobial activities of the TiO₂ NPs were tested against pathogenic bacteria. Overall, the results indicated that TiO₂ nanoparticles could elicit the viability of lymphocytes at all investigated concentrations (50, 100, 250 and 500 μg/mL). Hence, we concluded that the in-vitro hemolytic and antibacterial activities of TiO₂ NPs, indicated the good potential biomedical applications.