TiO₂ nanoparticles were prepared by using electrochemical anodization method. UV-Vis absorption spectrum of TiO₂ and TiO₂: piperine nanoparticles have an absorption edge in the range of (340 -355) nm, suggesting that the TiO₂ colloidal obtained is anatase phase. The band gap energy (Eg) for TiO₂ nanoparticles (3.46 eV) is higher than the value of (3.20 eV) for bulk TiO₂. X-Ray diffraction results for TiO₂ nanoparticles with a wavelength of 1.54 Å were investgation in this work. Planes (101), (200), (111), (220), (210), (211), (105), (220), (310), (221), and (220) crystal planes all had peaks with the lattice constants a = 3.755 Å and c = 9.5114 Å confirms the anatase phases of the TiO₂ nanoparticles according to the JCPDS file 21-127231. Scanning Electron Microscope images of TiO₂ samples in revealed the prevalence spherical nanosized crystallites, where clear nanostructures with a grain size of 15 nm. In TEM image, the shape of the nanoparticles was spherecial, with small size variance and found to be 15 nm. The EDX study of the nanoparticle reflects the atomic percentage of elements such as Ti and O with a ratio of 83:17 and no other peaks are observed this confirm the presence of TiO₂ nanoparticles.

In this research, hydroxyapatite was prepared from natural and industrial sources using a simple chemical method. The fish (scales and bones), snail shells, bovine bones, horse bones, egg shells, cuttlefish bones and crab shells are composed by crystals of calcium carbonate (94%), organic matter (4%), calcium phosphate (1%) and magnesium carbonate (1%). EDX data for derived HAp from natural sources at 600 ℃, 800 ℃, 900 ℃ and 1100 ℃, respectively. Based on the EDX signatures, the Ca/P weight ratio for derived HAp was calculated and was found to be 1.67 at 600 ℃, 800 ℃, 900 ℃ and 1100 ℃, respectively. In the present work, it was found that XRD 2θ positions of the (bones, scales and shells) samples calcined at 600 ℃ and 1100 ℃ shifted by total error of 0.056 and 0.031, respectively, thus indicating that the HAp lattice has contracted due to loss of OH radicals. The peak at 1026-1049 cm^-1 (ν₃) was attributed to triply degenerate asymmetric ν₃(PO) stretching. The tetrahedral PO₄^3- internal mode (ν₁) observed at 960 cm^-1 represents the symmetric stretching of the P-O bond. The position of this peak represents the degree of crystallinity of the material and confirmed that the prepared HAp had highly crystallized nature.