The study aimed to explore the effect of cumin on flavor and protein oxidation of roasted lamb patties at different roasting time (10, 15 and 20 min). The results showed that the addition of cumin and then the reduction of aldehydes and the increase in the content of esters and heterocyclic flavor compounds in roasted lamb patties effectively improved the ester and roasted flavors of roasted lamb patties, suppressed the fishy and bloody flavors, and improved the overall acceptability to consumers. The carbonyl content of the cumin group was significantly lower than that of the blank group, and the total sulfhydryl and active sulfhydryl contents were significantly increased. A total of 16 amino acids were detected in the roasted lamb patties, and the amino acid content of the cumin group was higher than that of the blank group, with the highest content of glutamic acid reaching 7.21% of meat in the cumin group at 20 min of roasting. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results showed that the cumin group had a lower loss of myosin heavy chain and light chain. Therefore, the addition of cumin to roasted lamb not only increased its ester flavor, umami, and characteristic cumin flavor, but also reduced the degree of protein oxidation in the roasted lamb. The results of this study may provide valuable reference data for the flavoring and antioxidant effects of cumin in meat processing.

Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins can enhance their emulsifying properties and antioxidant activities. However, the problem related to the hydrolysis of proteins was the generation of the bitter taste. Recently, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment has attracted much interest and has been used in several studies on protein modif ication. Hence, the study aimed to investigate the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis by Corolase PP under different pressure treatments (0.1, 100, 200, and 300 MPa for 1–5 h at 50 ℃) on the emulsifying property, antioxidant activity, and bitterness of soybean protein isolate hydrolysate (SPIH). As observed, the hydrolysate obtained at 200 MPa for 4 h had the highest emulsifying activity index (47.49 m²/g) and emulsifying stability index (92.98%), and it had higher antioxidant activities (44.77% DPPH free radical scavenging activity, 31.12% superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, and 61.50% copper ion chelating activity). At the same time, the enhancement of emulsion stability was related to the increase of zeta potential and the decrease of mean particle size. In addition, the hydrolysate obtained at 200 MPa for 4 h had a lower bitterness value and showed better palatability. This study has a broad application prospect in developing food ingredients and healthy foods.

This work investigated the changes in properties of saliva-participating emulsions during different oral processing stages (the whole process from intake to swallowing was divided into five stages, i.e., 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% stage). The stewed pork with brown sauce was masticated and the emulsion was collected for the determination of emulsion stability, droplet size, ζ-potential, interfacial tension, and microstructure. The results showed that the emulsion stability increased gradually during the oral processing and reached the highest level near the swallowing point. The droplet size of emulsion showed a significant downward trend (P < 0.05). Microstructure observations also found different degrees of reduction in fat droplets size at different stages of oral processing. In addition, the ζ-potential of food boluses emulsion was decreased from −16.4 mV to −41.2 mV and the interfacial tension decreased by 52.6% before and after oral progressing. In conclusion, the oral processing of stewed pork with brown sauce was essentially a process in which fat was constantly emulsified, and saliva might act as an emulsifier. This study provides new insights on understanding the oral processing process and sensory changes of fat.