The distribution and fluctuations of frozen soil in North Asia are closely related to the groundwater recharge-runoff-discharge in this area, and play a role in controlling the hydrogeological conditions of North Asia. By using NOAA satellite remote sensing interpretation data of frozen soil distribution in 2009 in conjunction with local hydrogeological conditions, the frozen soil area of North Asia according to the different characteristics of its impact on the groundwater was divided into three great hydrogeologic units, i.e. continuous permafrost, island permafrost, and high-altitude permafrost. By water balance method, the amount of natural renewable resources in North Asia was calculated as 1007.45×109 m3/a, with mineable resource of 705.21×109 m3/a, which indicates that the reduction of frozen soil range due to climate change in recent years gives rise to the richer groundwater resources and greater potential of mineable resources in North Asia, and frozen soil melting poses a relatively significant influence on the groundwater environment and ecological environment in North Asia.
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The geological environment is the basis of ecological planning. In this article, the factor analysis combined with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and GIS (geographic information technology) was used. The method sets geological disasters, landform type, surface slope, soil type and erosion as ecological suitability of geology factor; distribution of surface water, precipitation distribution, hydraulic engineering and degree of groundwater development as ecology suitability of water resources. Huairou, located in Beijing, was set as an example through the method. The article evaluated the suitability of the geological environment to ecology and solved quantitative description about the key technologies of the degree of influence to ecology which is affected by the geological environment. In the end, a theoretical guidance and a kind of technical method of establishing a scientific ecological planning system and guiding ecological planning were provided.
