Effective perovskite crystallization control strategies for flexible substrates with scalable processing techniques have rarely been reported and remain an important challenge. In this study, 3-mercaptobenzoic acid (3-MBA) was introduced into the perovskite precursor to modulate the crystallization dynamics, facilitating rapid nucleation while slowing down crystal growth. This approach enabled the formation of uniform, dense large-area perovskite films on flexible substrates. Consequently, a 12 cm² flexible perovskite solar module achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.43%. Additionally, the module exhibited enhanced mechanical stability under various bending radii and improved light stability, marking a substantial advance toward the practical application of flexible perovskite solar modules.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have exhibited impressive performance, achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.1%. However, the water-soluble and toxic nature of lead (Pb) in PSCs hinders their industrialization. Pb chemisorption has emerged as a promising approach to address this issue to prevent Pb leakage and ensure long-term stability. This perspective provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in Pb chemisorption in PSCs and discusses the prospects for future developments and challenges in this field.