The application of nanomaterials in energy and environmental fields has recently made great progress. As a key element in the nuclear industry, the discharge of uranium (U(VI)) contained wastewater usually induces environmental issues and waste of resources. Although the catalytically generated H₂O₂ by nanomaterials has recently shown application potential in extracting U(VI) from water, low-cost and highly efficient nanocatalysts are still urgently needed. In this work, a cheap and readily available piezocatalyst of calcium phosphate nanorods was successfully fabricated by calcining chicken bones. Under ultrasonication, H₂O₂ was produced and used to extract U(VI) from water. It is worth noting that the yield of H₂O₂ reached 179.7 μmol·g⁻¹·h⁻¹, and the extraction efficiency of U(VI) in water reached 97.16% (100 ppm) within 330 min. Through the capture and quantitative analysis of the active species, it is found that the generation of H₂O₂ depends on the combination of soluble oxygen and piezoelectrons, which thus dominates the extraction of U(VI). This simple and powerful piezocatalytic strategy greatly reduces the cost of H₂O₂ production for U(VI) extraction in water, and is of great significance for the treatment of U(VI)-containing wastewater.