Chinese traditional handmade papers, due to their numerous names, have been misunderstood by the public about raw materials for a long time. This manuscript aims to introduce the raw materials of traditional Chinese handmade paper in a botanical aspect in chronological order. Chinese handmade paper’s raw materials are divided into two groups, bast fiber and grass fiber. Bast fiber paper includes ramie-made rag paper, mulberry and paper mulberry paper, Thymelaeaceae paper, and vine paper. Stalk and grass fiber paper includes bamboo paper, grass paper, and stalk paper.