This paper delves into the optimization of traffic safety facilities within highway tunnels by leveraging the inherent visual perception characteristics of drivers. Grounded in the context of Zhejiang Province’s highway construction, the study draws from practical insights provided by highway tunnel projects within the region. Through a meticulous blend of on-site investigations and empirical experimentation, the research assesses the effectiveness of existing safety installations in highway tunnels. The analysis extends to the exploration of optimizing the design and placement of traffic safety facilities, informed by the distinct visual perception tendencies exhibited by drivers. By amalgamating the insights derived from driver perception and real-world highway tunnel dynamics, the paper proposes a refined and contextually attuned approach to enhancing traffic safety measures. This study not only contributes to the field of transportation engineering but also holds the potential to significantly enhance the overall safety of highway tunnel environments.

This study investigates the characteristics of distance perception among drivers in tunnel sections in comparison to those of outside environments. An experimental approach is employed to analyze the differences and accuracy of distance perception in both settings, while also examining the influence of driving age on distance perception. The results indicate that drivers tend to perceive larger distance values when traveling at speeds between 55 and 75 km/h, irrespective of whether they are in the general road environment outside the tunnel or within it. However, at speeds within the range of 75–85 km/h, the perceived distance values (S_p) are generally smaller than the actual values. Moreover, the findings suggest that older drivers demonstrate more accurate distance judgment compared to their younger counterparts. Based on these research outcomes, specific recommendations are proposed for the implementation of relevant distance sensing facilities in tunnel sections.