Ti₂C quantum dots (QDs) with rich surface functional groups have been synthesized using a hydrothermal method, and used to detect tetracycline (Tc) based on enhanced fluorescence. The interaction between the surface functional groups of Ti₂C QDs and Tc enhanced the fluorescence of Tc at 514 nm, which is used to detect Tc quickly and accurately. Under optimal conditions, the fluorescence intensity was linear to the concentration of Tc in the range of 50.0–30.0 μM, with a detection limit of 21.6 nM. Furthermore, the Tc-Ti₂C QDs detection system was evaluated for detection of Tc in milk and artificial urine. This study demonstrates a new and simple strategy for Tc detection, which is important for food safety and human health.