Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive malignant tumor with low rate of surgical resection and poor prognosis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a cytokine that has both protumor and antitumor activities, depending on tumor microenvironment. The interaction between TGF-β signaling and the tumor microenvironment in PC is complex. Here, we reviewed the role of TGF-β in the tumor microenvironment of PC, highlighting producers of TGF-β and TGF-β responders in the tumor microenvironment of PC.
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Article type
Year
Open Access
Review Article
Issue
Genes & Diseases 2023, 10 (4): 1513-1524
Published: 19 November 2022
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