Ten species of Pluteus are described and illustrated from specimens recently collected at three remnants of Atlantic forest in São Paulo State, Southeast Brazil. Two new taxa are proposed: Pluteus aureovenatus and P. dominicanus var. hyalinus, as well as a new status, P. sublaevigatus to P. chrysophlebius subsp. sublaevigatus. The occurrence of P. fuligineovenosus, P. jamaicensis, and P. riberaltensis var. conquistensis represent the first records from Brazil. Pluteus albostipitatus, P. fluminensis, P. harrisii and P. xylophilus are also described and illustrated. In addition, a molecular study was performed based on parsimony analyses of nLSU and ITS + 5.8S sequences of Brazilian and other Pluteus species. The generated phylogenetic trees revealed a well-supported clade with all Pluteus species. In the nLSU analyses, it was possible to identify a clade with all species of section Pluteus and another including members of both sections Hispidoderma and Celluloderma. In the ITS + 5.8S analyses, it was possible to identify three major clades, each of them corresponding to the majority representatives of sections Celluloderma, Hispidoderma and Pluteus.