Ovarian aging is a progressive and dynamic process closely related to age, in which ovarian function gradually declines until exhaustion; this process is influenced by a combination of factors, including genetics, lifestyle, environment, psychosocial factors, and iatrogenic factors. It is closely related to the quantity and quality of follicles in the ovaries and is characterized by changes in female hormone levels and fertility. Therefore, understanding the factors influencing ovarian aging, its molecular mechanisms, and strategies for prevention and intervention is of significant importance for comprehending and addressing the challenges posed by ovarian aging.