Nanotechnology, defined as engineering at the nanometer scale, involves developing materials or systems to perform a systematic arrangement for various platforms in biomedical applications. This study presents possible applications of carbon-based nanomaterials in regenerative biomedicine, drug delivery, and cancerous conditions. We highlight significant advancements in carbon nanotubes-based nanotechnology, with an emphasis on carbon nanotubes, which accelerate various regenerative therapies in the liver, nervous system, heart, vascular system, and bone tissue engineering. Using carbon nanomaterials to deliver drugs precisely to their site of action is also one area of interest, attracting the attention of researchers and giving great hope for carbon nanomaterials’ widespread use in medicine. Moreover, green nanotechnology was introduced as an innovative and noninvasive discipline in carbon-based nanomaterials for human biomedicine. It can solve the problem of using dangerous and toxic chemical nanoscale materials.