Edible mushrooms are esteemed worldwide for their significant contributions to food, medicine, and economy. Post-harvest edible mushrooms are vulnerable to mechanical damage, microbial infection, and discoloration due to inadequate preservation techniques. This review aims to systematically examine the current state of postharvest preservation techniques for edible mushrooms. Firstly, this review presents an overview of the physiological changes that occur in edible mushrooms after harvesting, encompassing water loss, weight loss, morphological and color alterations, nutrient and flavor depletion, and microbial susceptibility. Subsequently, this review outlines common postharvest preservation techniques for edible mushrooms, including low-temperature storage, air-conditioned storage, radiation, plasma treatment, and coatings, with brief descriptions of their application cases. Lastly, the future direction of development for postharvest preservation technologies for edible mushrooms is envisioned. This review seeks to serve as a reference for the edible mushroom industry and to stimulate further development and application of postharvest preservation technologies for edible mushrooms.